1. Kumvetsetsa Ma Stocks
m'matangadza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kuti magawo kapena magawo, ndi zida zandalama zomwe zimayimira umwini pakampani. Mukagula katundu, mukugula chidutswa cha kampaniyo, ndikukupangani kukhala wogawana nawo. Izi zimakupatsani chiwongolero pazachuma ndi phindu la kampaniyo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani ili ndi magawo 1,000 amasheya omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri ndipo muli ndi 100, muli ndi 10% yakampaniyo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira, komabe, kuti kukhala ndi katundu wa kampani sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi chonena pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za bizinesi. Komabe, zimakupatsirani ufulu wovota pamsonkhano wapachaka wa kampani ndikulandila zopindula zomwe zalengezedwa.
Zigawidwe ndi gawo la phindu la kampani lomwe limagawidwa kwa eni ake. Si makampani onse omwe amapereka zopindulitsa, makamaka omwe ali m'mafakitale okulirapo monga ukadaulo, pomwe phindu limabwezeretsedwanso mubizinesi.
Ma stock ndi traded pakusinthana monga New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) kapena NASDAQ. Mtengo wa katundu umatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa msika. Ngati anthu ambiri akufuna kugula katundu (zofuna) kuposa kuzigulitsa (zopereka), ndiye kuti mtengo ukukwera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati anthu ambiri akufuna kugulitsa katundu kusiyana ndi kugula, pangakhale zowonjezereka kuposa zofunikira, ndipo mtengo ukhoza kugwa.
Kuyika ndalama m'matangadza kungakhale njira yamphamvu yopangira chuma pakapita nthawi, chifukwa mtengo wamakampani omwe mumagulitsa nawo ukukula. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuyika ndalama m'masheya kumabweranso ndi zoopsa. Mtengo wa katundu ukhoza kutsika komanso kukwera, ndipo nthawi zonse pali kuthekera kuti kampaniyo ikhoza kusiya bizinesi.
Research ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyika ndalama m'masheya. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mtundu wabizinesi wamakampani, momwe akupikisana nawo mumakampani, komanso thanzi lake lazachuma. Izi zitha kukuthandizani kupanga zisankho mwanzeru komanso kuchepetsa zovuta zina zobwera chifukwa cha kuyika ndalama m'masheya.
1.1. Tanthauzo la Masheya
M'dziko lazamalonda, m'matangadza khalani ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri. Amayimira mtundu wandalama womwe umakulolani kukhala ndi gawo lapoyera-traded kampani. Mukagula katundu wa kampani, mukugula kachidutswa kakang'ono ka kampaniyo, yotchedwa a gawo. Gawoli limakupatsani chiwongolero pazachuma ndi phindu la kampani.
m'matangadza nthawi zambiri amatchedwa malipiro chifukwa amapatsa eni ake chilungamo, kapena umwini pang'ono, pakampani. Mwiniwu umabwera ndi kuthekera kwa mphotho yandalama monga gawo la magawo, omwe ndi gawo lazopeza zakampani zomwe zimagawidwa kwa eni ake. Komabe, kukhala ndi masheya kumatengeranso chiopsezo. Mtengo wa masheya ukhoza kusinthasintha, nthawi zina modabwitsa, kutengera zinthu kuyambira pazachuma chakampani mpaka momwe chuma chikuyendera.
Kukongola kwa masheya kuli pakutha kwawo kukula. M'kupita kwa nthawi, makampani ochita bwino amatha kuwonjezeka mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa katundu wawo ukwere. Izi zimapatsa enimasheya mwayi wogulitsa magawo awo kuti apindule. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, masitolo ena angapereke ndalama zopitirirabe kudzera muzopindula, ngakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali sukukwera.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira izi m'matangadza si njira yotsimikizika yopezera ndalama. Iwo ndi oimira ndalama za equity, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi mwayi wopeza phindu lalikulu komanso kutayika kwakukulu. Chinsinsi cha kugulitsa bwino masheya ndikumvetsetsa makampani omwe mumayikamo, kusiyanitsa mbiri yanu, ndikukhala ndi malingaliro anthawi yayitali.
M'malo mwake, masheya amakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa chuma chanu ndikupeza ndalama. Ndiwo gawo lofunikira pazachuma chilichonse komanso gawo lofunikira pakukonza zachuma kwanthawi yayitali. Komabe, amafunikiranso kuwalingalira mozama ndi kuwamvetsetsa. Monga a trader, cholinga chanu ndikuyendayenda m'matangadza omwe ali ndi chidziwitso, njira, komanso diso lachangu la mwayi.
1.2. Mitundu ya Stocks
Kulowera mkati mwazamalonda, timakumana ndi mitundu ingapo ya masheya, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso mapindu ake. Choyamba, tatero Common Stocks, amene ali mitundu yofala kwambiri. Amapereka gawo lokwanira pa phindu ndi zotayika za kampani, ndipo amabwera ndi ufulu wovota pamisonkhano ya eni ake.
Kenako, tili Zokonda Zokonda. Izi zikufanana ndi wosakanizidwa wa masheya ndi ma bond. Omwe amawakonda amasangalala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwezeka pazopeza ndi katundu wakampani, ndikulandila zopindula pamaso pa eni ake wamba. Komabe, nthawi zambiri alibe ufulu wovota.
Kwa iwo omwe amakonda kununkhira kwapadziko lonse lapansi, alipo Masheya Akunja. Awa ndi magawo amakampani omwe ali kunja kwa dziko lanu. Kuyika ndalama m'matangadza akunja kumatha kusokoneza mbiri yanu, koma kumabweranso ndi zoopsa zina, monga kusinthasintha kwa ndalama ndi kusatsimikizika kwadziko.
Ndiye tili Zolemba Zakukula ndi Gwiritsani Zamtengo Wapatali. Kukula kwamasheya ndi makampani omwe akuyembekezeka kukula pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makampani ena. Nthawi zambiri samapereka zopindulitsa, chifukwa amabwezeretsanso zomwe amapeza kuti azikula. Kumbali inayi, masheya amtengo wapatali ndi amakampani omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi mtengo wawo wamkati. Nthawi zambiri amapereka zopindulitsa ndipo amatha kukhala njira yabwino kwa omwe amapeza ndalama.
Pomaliza, tili nawo Masheya a Blue-Chip. Awa ndi magawo m'makampani akuluakulu, okhazikika, komanso okhazikika pazachuma omwe ali ndi mbiri yodalirika. Ndiwo 'bets otetezeka' padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka zopindulitsa.
Kumbukirani, mtundu uliwonse wa masheya uli ndi zowopsa zake ndi mphotho zake. Zosankha zanu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zachuma, kulolerana ndi zoopsa, ndi nthawi yofikira.
1.3. Momwe Masheya Amagwirira Ntchito
Tangolingalirani za msika wodzaza anthu, wodzaza ndi ogulitsa, aliyense akugulitsa chidutswa cha kampani. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha momwe masheya amagwirira ntchito. Mukagula katundu, mukugula a kagawo kakang'ono ka kampani, gawo la kupambana kwawo (kapena kulephera). Zili ngati kukhala ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka msika, osakumana ndi vuto la tsiku ndi tsiku lochita bizinesi.
Mtengo wa katundu umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo zomwe kampaniyo imapeza, chuma chake, ndi malingaliro amalonda. Ndi a njira yamphamvu, mitengo imasinthasintha pamene ogula ndi ogulitsa akupikisana kuti apeze ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Kampani ikachita bwino, mtengo wake wamasheya umakwera. Kumbali ina, kusagwira bwino ntchito kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Mumapanga ndalama pamsika wamasheya m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: phindu lalikulu ndi zopindula. Kupindula kwakukulu kumachitika mukagulitsa katundu kuposa momwe munalipirira. Magawo, kumbali ina, ndi gawo la phindu la kampani lomwe limagawidwa kwa eni ake.
Komabe, m’pofunika kukumbukira zimenezo masheya amabwera ndi zoopsa. Msika wamalonda ndi wosayembekezereka ndipo mitengo imatha kutsika komanso kukwera. Mutha kutaya zina, kapena zonse, za ndalama zanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mupange kafukufuku wanu ndikuganizira zolinga zanu zachuma komanso kulolerana ndi ziwopsezo musanalowe.
M'dziko la masheya, chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. Mukamvetsetsa bwino za momwe masheya amagwirira ntchito, mudzakhala okonzeka kuyang'ana pamsika ndikupanga zisankho mwanzeru. Chifukwa chake, pindani manja anu ndikuyamba kuphunzira za dziko losangalatsa la masheya. Kupatula apo, kukhala ndi gawo la kampani sikungopanga ndalama, komanso kukhala gawo lazachuma komanso kuthandizira kukula kwake.
1.4. Chifukwa Chake Makampani Akutulutsa Ma Stocks
Kulowa mu gawo la msika wogulitsa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chachikulu chomwe makampani amaperekera masheya. Pazofunikira zake, kampani imatulutsa masheya kuti ikweze ndalama. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yopewera kusonkhanitsa ngongole. M'malo mobwereka ndalama ndi kulipira chiwongoladzanja, amagulitsa chidutswa cha bizinesi yawo kwa osunga ndalama. Likululi litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kukulitsa ntchito, kapena kulipira ngongole zomwe zilipo.
Kutulutsa masheya imaperekanso makampani mwayi wokopa ndi kusunga antchito aluso. Popereka zosankha zamasheya, makampani amatha kulimbikitsa antchito kuti agwire ntchito kuti bizinesiyo ikule komanso kuchita bwino. Kupatula apo, ngati kampaniyo ichita bwino, masheya awo adzakwera mtengo, ndikupanga mwayi wopambana kwa kampaniyo ndi wogwira ntchito.
Komanso, kupita pagulu kudzera mu Initial Public Offering (IPO) imatha kukulitsa mbiri yakampani. Ndi chizindikiro cha kukhwima ndi kuchita bwino, zomwe zimatha kukopa osunga ndalama komanso kupanga mbiri yabwino.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kupereka masheya kumatanthauzanso kugawana ulamuliro. Ogulitsa ali ndi ufulu wovota, ndipo gulu lalikulu lokwanira likhoza kukhudza zosankha za kampani. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani ambiri amasankha kusunga gawo lalikulu lazinthu zawo kuti aziwongolera.
Mwakutero, kutumiza katundu ndi njira yabwino yomwe ingalimbikitse kukula, kukopa talente, ndikukweza mbiri, ndikugawana umwini wabizinesi ndi osunga ndalama. Monga wogulitsa ndalama, kumvetsetsa zolimbikitsa izi kungakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino pamsika wamasheya.
1.5. Udindo wa Stocks mu Investment Portfolio
M'malo ambiri azachuma, m'matangadza kuwonekera ngati chida champhamvu chopangira chuma. Amayimira gawo la umwini mu kampani ndipo amapereka mwayi wopeza phindu lalikulu lazachuma. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti masheya si tikiti yopita kuchuma nthawi yomweyo. Iwo ndi kudzipereka kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumafunikira kuleza mtima, njira, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino msika.
Kuyika ndalama m'masheya kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala eni ake akampani. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene kampani ikukula ndikuchita bwino, momwemonso ndalama zanu. Mtengo wa katundu wanu ukuwonjezeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kuyamikira kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ambiri amagawira gawo lazopeza kwawo kwa omwe ali ndi masheya mwanjira ya malipiro, kupereka ndalama zokhazikika.
Komabe, masheya sali opanda ngozi. Msika wamasheya ndi wosasinthika, ndipo mitengo imatha kusinthasintha pakanthawi kochepa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mbiri yanu ndi kusakaniza masheya, ma bond, ndi zinthu zina kuti mufalitse ngozi. Apa ndipamene udindo wa masheya mu kasamalidwe ka ndalama umakhala wofunikira.
mbiri zosiyana ndi njira yoyendetsera zoopsa yomwe imasakaniza ndalama zambiri zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa mbiri. Zolinga za njira imeneyi zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama zopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndalama, pa avareji, zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu ndikuyika chiwopsezo chocheperako kuposa ndalama zilizonse zomwe zingapezeke m'gululi. Masheya amatenga gawo lofunikira pakusiyanasiyana kumeneku.
Ngakhale ma bond amapereka ndalama zokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osawopsa, amakhalanso ndi phindu lochepa. Kumbali inayi, masheya, omwe ali ndi kuthekera kobweza ndalama zambiri, amatha kuwongolera kutsika kwachiwopsezo-kuchepetsa kubweza kwa ma bond. Izi zitha kukuthandizani kupeza phindu lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika pazachuma chanu.
M'malo mwake, masheya amatha kukhala gawo lofunikira pazachuma chanu. Amapereka kuthekera kwa kukula ndi ndalama, ndipo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya ndalama, zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi chiwopsezo ndikuwonjezera phindu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse kulekerera kwanu pachiwopsezo ndi zolinga zanu zogulira musanalowe kudziko lamasheya. Kuyika ndalama m'masheya sikungokhudza kusankha opambana, komanso kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
2. Kuyamba ndi Kugulitsa Malonda
Kugulitsa masheya ndi ntchito yosangalatsa, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zoyambira tisanadumphe. Dziko la masheya ndi lalikulu komanso lamitundumitundu, lomwe limapereka mwayi wochulukirapo kwa omwe amayesa kuyenda m'madzi a chipwirikiti.
Choyamba komanso chachikulu, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti stock ndi chiyani. Mwachidule chake, katundu amayimira gawo mu umwini wa kampani. Mukagula katundu, mukugula chidutswa cha katundu ndi phindu la kampaniyo. Izi zimakupatsani ufulu wopeza gawo la phindu la kampani komanso kunena pazosankha zake zazikulu.
Chachiwiri, muyenera kumvetsa momwe msika wamasheya umagwirira ntchito. Msika wogulitsa ndi msika kumene ogula ndi ogulitsa trade katundu. Mtengo wa katundu umatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufunikira, ndipo umasinthasintha tsiku lonse la malonda. Cholinga cha malonda a malonda ndi kugula katundu pamtengo wotsika ndikugulitsa pamtengo wapamwamba kuti apange phindu.
Chachitatu, muyenera kudziwa kusanthula masheya. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ndondomeko ya ndalama za kampani, kufufuza momwe ikugwirira ntchito, ndi kuwunika zomwe zikuyembekezeka mtsogolo. Ndikofunikiranso kuganizira momwe chuma chikuyendera komanso thanzi lamakampani omwe kampaniyo imagwira ntchito.
Pomaliza, muyenera kupanga a njira yamalonda. Ili ndi dongosolo lomwe limatsogolera zosankha zanu zamalonda. Iyenera kuganizira zolinga zanu zachuma, kulolerana ndi zoopsa, komanso momwe mungasungire ndalama. Kaya mumasankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogulira nthawi yayitali kapena njira yamalonda yamasiku ochepa, kukhala ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino komanso yoganizira bwino ndizofunikira kwambiri pa malonda a malonda.
Kumbukirani, kugulitsa masheya si njira yolemerera mwachangu. Pamafunika nthawi, khama, komanso kuleza mtima. Koma ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndi njira, ikhoza kukhala njira yopindulitsa yokulitsa chuma chanu. Takulandilani kudziko lazamalonda - dziko la kuthekera kosatha komanso zovuta zosangalatsa.
2.1. Zoyambira za Stock Trading
Kugulitsa masheya ndi dziko lochititsa chidwi, ndandanda ya manambala, matchati, ndi mawu omveka bwino amene angaoneke ngati ovuta kwa anthu osadziwa. Koma musaope! Mukamvetsa bwino mfundo zofunika kwambiri, mungathe kuyenda bwinobwino m’chilengedwe chovutachi.
Msika wogulitsa ndi msika kumene ogula ndi ogulitsa trade magawo a anthu traded makampani. Magawo awa, kapena m'matangadza, kuyimira umwini pakampani. Mukamagula katundu, mukugula kachidutswa kakang'ono ka kampaniyo, kukupangani kukhala wogawana nawo.
Mu mawonekedwe ake osavuta, cholinga cha malonda a malonda ndi kugula zochepa ndi kugulitsa kwambiri. Mumagula masheya mukukhulupirira kuti mtengo wake udzawonjezeka pakapita nthawi, ndikugulitsa mukaganiza kuti mtengo wake wakwera kwambiri. Komabe, sizikhala zowongoka nthawi zonse monga zimamvekera. Kusakhazikika kwa msika ndi miyanda ya zinthu zina zingakhudze mtengo wa katundu, kupanga nthawi ya tradesa mbali yofunika ya malonda bwino.
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zogulitsira malonda: malonda tsiku ndi kuyika ndalama kwanthawi yayitali. Tsiku traders kugula ndi kugulitsa masheya mkati mwa tsiku limodzi, kutengera kusinthasintha kwamitengo kwakanthawi kochepa. Amalonda a nthawi yayitali, kumbali ina, amagula masheya ndi cholinga chowasunga kwa zaka zingapo, kubetcha pakukula kwawo kwanthawi yayitali.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaoda ndichinthu china chofunikira kwambiri pakugulitsa masheya. A malonda ndi pempho logula kapena kugulitsa katundu pamtengo wamakono wamsika. A ndondomeko ya malire, komabe, ndi pempho logula kapena kugulitsa katundu pamtengo winawake kapena bwino.
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti malonda onse amasheya amakhala ndi chiopsezo. Ndizotheka kutaya zina kapena zonse zomwe munagulitsa poyamba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufufuza bwino katundu aliyense musanapange a trade ndi kungoyika ndalama zomwe mungathe kutaya.
Pamapeto pake, kugulitsa bwino masheya kumafuna kuleza mtima, kudziletsa, komanso kufunitsitsa kutero kuphunzira. Ndi luso lomwe lingatenge nthawi kuti lizidziwa bwino, koma ndi khama komanso kumvetsetsa zoyambira, mutha kupindula kwambiri.
2.2. Kusankha Stock Broker
Kuyenda m'dziko la malonda a masheya kungamve ngati kanyumba kakang'ono, koma ulendowu umakhala wovuta kwambiri ndi kalozera wodalirika. Ndiko kumene katundubroker afika. A katundubroker imagwira ntchito ngati chitsogozo chanu, kukuthandizani kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino pamabizinesi anu. Ndi akatswiri ovomerezeka omwe amagula ndikugulitsa zotetezedwa m'malo mwa makasitomala awo.
Komabe, si stock onsebrokers amapangidwa mofanana. Kusankha katundu woyenerabroker ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe lingakhudze kwambiri ulendo wanu wamalonda. Mudzafuna kuganizira zinthu monga chindapusa, ndi broker's mbiri, khalidwe la ntchito makasitomala awo, ndi malonda nsanja amapereka.
Broker malipiro akhoza kudya phindu lanu, choncho m'pofunika kumvetsa kuchuluka kwanu broker malipiro a trades. Ena brokers kupereka komishoni kwaulere trades, pamene ena amalipiritsa chindapusa pa trade.
The mbiri wa wanu broker ndizofunikira chimodzimodzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida ngati BrokerCheck kutsimikizira ziyeneretso za a broker ndikuwona ngati ali ndi chilango chilichonse pa zolemba zawo.
makasitomala akhoza kupanga kapena kusokoneza malonda anu. A zabwino broker adzapereka chithandizo chachangu komanso chothandiza chamakasitomala kuti athetse vuto lililonse lomwe mungakhale nalo.
Pomaliza, a nsomba zamalonda zoperekedwa ndi a broker ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zokhala ndi zida zofunikira kuti zikuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zamalonda mwanzeru. Ena brokers imaperekanso zida zophunzirira kukuthandizani kuphunzira zambiri zamalonda amasheya.
Kumbukirani, kusankha katundubroker sichosankha kuchita mopepuka. Tengani nthawi yanu, chitani kafukufuku wanu, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwatero sankhani broker zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zamalonda ndi kalembedwe.
2.3. Kupanga Njira Yogulitsira Malonda
Kupambana pamsika wogulitsa sichinangokhalako mwangozi; ndi zotsatira za zisankho zoganiziridwa bwino, zowerengeredwa. Gawo lofunikira popanga zisankhozi ndikukhala ndi njira yolimba yogulitsa masheya. Koma kodi njira yogulitsira masheya ndi chiyani, ndipo mumapanga bwanji?
Njira yogulitsira masheya ndi mndandanda wa malamulo ndi malangizo omwe amakuuzani zochita zanu zamalonda. Zili ngati mapu amsewu, omwe amakuwongolerani m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso osadziwika bwino pamsika wamasheya. Zimakuthandizani kudziwa nthawi yogula, nthawi yogulitsa, komanso yogwira ku stock.
Kupanga njira yogulitsira katundu kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, muyenera kutero fotokozani zolinga zanu zachuma. Kodi mukuyang'ana kukula kwachuma kwanthawi yayitali, kapena mukufuna kupindula kwakanthawi kochepa? Zolinga zanu zidzakhudza kwambiri njira yanu yamalonda.
Kenako, muyenera kutero kumvetsetsa kulekerera kwanu pachiwopsezo. Izi ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo chomwe mukulolera kuchita nawo malonda anu. Ndikofunikira kukhala wowona mtima pano - ngati simuli omasuka ndi mabizinesi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndibwino kumamatira kumasheya otetezeka, odziwikiratu.
Gawo lachitatu popanga njira yogulitsira katundu ndi kafukufuku. Muyenera kuphunzira za msika, kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika, ndi kuphunzira zamakampani omwe mukufuna kuyikapo ndalama. Izi zitha kukhala zotengera nthawi, koma ndizofunikira kuti mupange zisankho zamalonda mwanzeru.
Pomaliza, muyenera kutero yesani njira yanu. Yambani ndi malonda a mapepala - izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga zongopeka trades kutengera deta yeniyeni ya msika, koma popanda kuika ndalama zenizeni zenizeni. Mukakhala ndi chidaliro mu njira yanu, mutha kuyamba kuyigwiritsa ntchito pamalonda enieni.
Kumbukirani, njira yabwino yogulitsira katundu siiyikidwa mwala. Iyenera kukhala yosinthika komanso yosinthika, kusintha pamene mukupeza zambiri komanso momwe msika umasinthira. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chiyenera kugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zachuma ndi kulolerana kwa chiopsezo.
Kupanga njira yogulitsira masheya kungawoneke ngati kovuta poyamba, koma pakapita nthawi, kuleza mtima, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino msika, kungakhale chinsinsi chanu chakuchita bwino pazachuma.
2.4. Kumvetsetsa Malamulo Ogulitsa Malonda
Musanalowe molimba mtima kudziko lazamalonda, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa malamulo ofunikira zomwe zimayendetsa msika wosinthika uwu. Pakatikati mwa malamulowa ndi Chitetezo ndi Kusinthanitsa Commission (SEC), bungwe lokhazikitsidwa kuti liteteze osunga ndalama ndi kusunga misika yachilungamo, yadongosolo, komanso yothandiza. Bungwe la SEC limalimbikitsa kuwonekera, kufuna kuti makampani aboma aulule zandalama ndi zina zambiri kwa anthu. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chodziwika kwa onse omwe amagulitsa ndalama kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kudziweruza okha ngati agula, kugulitsa, kapena kukhala ndi chitetezo china.
Komanso, a Akuluakulu A Zachuma (FINRA), woyang’anira wodziimira paokha, wosakhala wa boma wamakampani onse achitetezo ku United States, nawonso amathandiza kwambiri. Malamulo ndi zitsogozo za FINRA zimatsimikizira machitidwe abwino, kuteteza zofuna za osunga ndalama.
Komanso, aliyense trader ayenera kutsatira Tsiku la Chitsanzo Trader (PDT) malamulo. Malamulowa amanena kuti aliyense trader amene amapanga masiku oposa anayi tradem'masiku asanu abizinesi, ndi tsiku trades akuyimira zoposa 6% ya malonda onse a kasitomala mu nthawi yomweyo ya masiku asanu, ayenera kusunga ndalama zosachepera $25,000 mu akaunti zawo.
Pomaliza, traders ayenera kudziwa za Kusamba-Kugulitsa Lamulo. Lamulo la IRS ili limaletsa kugulitsa chitetezero mwatayika ndikugulanso zomwezo kapena chitetezo chofanana kwambiri mkati mwa masiku 30 kugulitsa kusanachitike kapena pambuyo pake.
Kumvetsetsa malamulowa sikungokhudza kutsata; ndi kupanga zisankho zodziwikiratu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zachuma komanso kulolerana ndi zoopsa. M'dziko lovuta komanso losangalatsa la malonda a masheya, chidziwitso ndi mphamvu.
3. Mfundo Zapamwamba Zogulitsa Zamalonda
Kulowera mozama mu dziko la malonda a masheya, timafika kumalo a malingaliro apamwamba a malonda. Apa, masewerawa akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo chiwopsezo chikukulirakulira. Simulinso novice trader, koma wochita nawo kukhwima mumsika wosinthika wachilengedwe.
Kugulitsa kwakanthawi ndi lingaliro limodzi lotere. Apa ndipamene mumabwereka magawo a stock kuchokera ku a broker ndi kuwagulitsa nthawi yomweyo pamtengo wawo wapano. Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali udzagwa, kukulolani kuti mugule katunduyo pamtengo wotsika ndikubwezera magawo omwe munabwereka ku broker, kusokoneza kusiyana. Komabe, njira imeneyi imabwera ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Ngati mtengo wa katundu ukukwera m'malo motsika, mutha kutaya ndalama zambiri.
Lingaliro lina lapamwamba ndilo zosankha zamalonda. Zosankha zimakupatsani ufulu wogula kapena kugulitsa katundu pamtengo wokonzedweratu mkati mwa nthawi yeniyeni. Mosiyana ndi kukhala ndi katundu weniweni, simuli okakamizika kugula kapena kugulitsa; muli ndi mwayi wochita zimenezo ngati zingakupindulitseni. Kugulitsa zosankha kungakhale kovuta komanso koopsa, koma kukachita bwino, kumatha kukhala chida champhamvu muzogulitsa zanu.
mmphepete malonda ndi lingaliro linanso lapamwamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo kubwereka ndalama zanu broker kugula masheya. Izi zitha kukulitsa phindu lanu, koma zithanso kukulitsa zotayika zanu. Ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri yomwe imafuna kumvetsetsa kolimba kwa msika ndikuwongolera zoopsa.
Pomaliza, pali lingaliro la malonda a algorithmic. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ovuta kupanga automate njira malonda. Ma algorithms awa amatha kusanthula deta yamsika pa liwiro la mphezi ndikuchita trades kutengera zomwe zafotokozedweratu. Ndi njira yopambana kwambiri pakugulitsa, koma si ya aliyense.
Mfundo zapamwambazi si za anthu ofooka mtima. Amafuna kumvetsetsa kwakuzama kwa msika, kulolerana kwakukulu pachiwopsezo, komanso njira yolankhulirana yogulitsa. Koma kwa iwo omwe ali okonzeka kuchitapo kanthu, amapereka mwayi wopeza mphotho zazikulu.
3.1. Kugulitsa Mwachidule
M'dziko lotukuka lazamalonda, pali njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imakweza nsidze koma imakhala ndi phindu lalikulu: kugulitsa kwakanthawi. Mosiyana ndi njira yogulitsira-yotsika-yotsika-yotsika, kugulitsa kochepa kumatembenuza script, kulola traders kuti apindule ndi kuchepa kwa masheya. Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito: A trader amabwereka magawo a masheya ku a broker ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawagulitsa pamsika. Pamene mtengo wa katundu ukutsika, the trader amagulanso magawo pamtengo wotsika, kuwabwezera ku broker, ndi matumba osiyanasiyana.
Zikumveka zosavuta, pomwe? Osati mofulumira kwambiri. Kugulitsa kwakanthawi ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Ngati mtengo wamasheya ukuwonjezeka m'malo motsika, ndiye trader ayenera kugulanso masheyawo pamtengo wokwera, zomwe zimabweretsa kutayika. Kupitilira apo, kutayika komwe kungawonongeke sikukhala ndi malire chifukwa mtengo wamasheya ukhoza kukwera mpaka kalekale.
Ngakhale zoopsa izi, kugulitsa kochepa kungakhale chida champhamvu mu trader ndi arsenal. Zimalola traders kuti asawononge zomwe zingawonongeke mu mbiri yawo ndipo atha kupereka mwayi wopeza phindu pamsika wa zimbalangondo. Komabe, pamafunika kusanthula mosamala, kumvetsetsa bwino momwe msika ukuyendera, komanso m'mimba mwamphamvu pachiwopsezo.
Kugulitsa kwakanthawi sichili cha ofooka mtima. Ndi masewera apamwamba omwe amaseweredwa ndi omwe amayesa kuvina mosakayikira ndikuchita bwino pa chisangalalo cha msika wosayembekezereka. Koma kwa amene amachidziŵa bwino, mphotho zake zingakhale zazikulu. Kotero, nthawi ina mukadzawona mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukutsika, kumbukirani - imodzi tradekugwa kwa r kungakhale mwayi wina wagolide.
3.2. Kugulitsa kwa Margin
Kugulitsa malonda ndi chida champhamvu chomwe chingakwezere phindu lanu pamsika wamasheya. Ndizofanana ndi masewera a poker apamwamba kwambiri, pomwe mphotho zomwe zingatheke zimakhala zokopa monga momwe kuopsa kwake kulili kovuta. Pachimake, malonda a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amaphatikizapo kubwereka ndalama kuti mugule masheya ambiri kuposa momwe mungathere ndi ndalama zomwe muli nazo.
Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito: mumayika ndalama zina muakaunti yanu yamalire ndi yanu broker. Dipo ili limagwira ntchito ngati chikole. Anu broker Kenako amakubwereketsani ndalama zowonjezera, nthawi zambiri mpaka 50% ya mtengo wonse wazinthu zomwe mukufuna kupanga.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kugula katundu wina wamtengo wapatali $10,000, mutha kuyika $5,000 mu akaunti yanu ya malire ndikubwereka $5,000 yotsalayo kuchokera ku akaunti yanu. broker. Mwanjira iyi, mukuchulukitsa mphamvu zanu zoyika ndalama.
Koma nazi: ngati mtengo wamasheya utsika, mutha kukhala ndi ngongole zambiri kuposa zomwe mudayikapo poyamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti muyenera kubwezabe zanu broker ndalama zomwe munabwereka, mosasamala kanthu za momwe masheya amagwirira ntchito.
Kugulitsa malonda sichili cha ofooka mtima. Ndi njira yachiwopsezo chachikulu, yopatsa mphotho yabwino kwambiri kwa odziwa zambiri traders omwe amatha kutaya zomwe zingatheke m'mimba. Musanalowe m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndikuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi njira yolimba yoyendetsera ngozi.
Kumbukirani, ngakhale kukopa kopeza phindu mwachangu kumatha kukopa, ndikofunikiranso kulingalira za zovuta zomwe zingatheke. Msika wamsika sudziwikiratu, komanso ngakhale wanthawi yayitali traders sangathe kulosera molondola mayendedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse ndikwanzeru kuyandikira malonda am'malire mosamala.
Kugulitsa m'mphepete kungakhale chida champhamvu muzogulitsa zanu, koma monga zida zonse, ziyenera kusamaliridwa. Choncho, musanalowemo, onetsetsani kuti mwamaliza homuweki yanu, mwamvetsetsa kuopsa kwake, ndipo mwakonzekera zonse zomwe zingatheke.
3.3. Zosankha Zogulitsa
Kulowera mozama mu dziko la masitoko, tiyeni tifufuze malo osangalatsa a Zosankha zamasheya. Zida zachuma izi zimapereka tradeNdi njira ina yopezera phindu kuchokera kumayendedwe amsika, popanda kukhala ndi masheya omwe ali nawo okha. Zosankha zamasheya ndi mapangano omwe amapatsa mwiniwake ufulu, koma osati udindo, kugula kapena kugulitsa katundu wina wake pamtengo wokonzedweratu, womwe umadziwika kuti mtengo wogulira, tsiku lomaliza la mgwirizano lisanathe.
Njira zosankha ndi ikani zosankha ndi mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya masheya. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mtengo wa masheya udzakwera, mutha kugula njira yoyimbira foni, yomwe imakupatsani ufulu wogula katunduyo pamtengo wogunda. Kumbali inayi, ngati mulosera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, mutha kugula njira yoyika, yomwe imakupatsani ufulu wogulitsa katunduyo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti masheya kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwawo komwe kumachitika. Popeza kuti mgwirizano wosankha nthawi zambiri umayang'anira magawo 100 azinthu zomwe zili pansi, kusuntha kwamtengo kochepa mu katundu kungapangitse phindu lalikulu (kapena kutayika) pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. Mphamvu izi zimalola traders kuti athe kupeza phindu lalikulu, ngakhale ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka.
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtengo wamtengo wapatali, mtengo wamtengo wapatali, nthawi mpaka kutha, komanso kusinthasintha kwa katundu. Kumvetsetsa izi kungakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho mwanzeru ndikupanga njira zogulitsira zabwino.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngakhale zosankha zamasheya zimatha kupereka mphotho zambiri, zimakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, sangakhale oyenera kwa osunga ndalama onse. Musanalowe muzosankha za masheya, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufufuze bwino ndikumvetsetsa zida zovuta zachuma izi.
M'dziko losinthasintha la malonda a malonda, zosankha zamagulu zimayimira zowonjezera zovuta komanso mwayi. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito mongopeka, kutchingira, kapena kupanga ndalama, amapereka chida chosunthika chowongolera momwe msika wamasheya umasinthira.
3.4. ETFs ndi Mutual Funds
Kusinthana-Traded Ndalama (ETFs) ndi Mutual Funds ndi magalimoto awiri opangira ndalama omwe amapereka magawo osiyanasiyana amasheya, ma bond, kapena katundu wina. Zili zofanana chifukwa zonse zimayimira kusonkhanitsa ndalama, koma zimasiyana momwe zimayendetsedwa komanso traded.
ETFs ndi traded pakusinthana ngati masheya pawokha ndipo mtengo wake umasinthasintha tsiku lonse lamalonda. Amadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwawo chifukwa amatha kugulidwa ndikugulitsidwa nthawi iliyonse panthawi yamsika. ETFs nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo ndipo zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odziwika bwino kwa osunga ndalama.
Mbali inayi, Mutual Funds nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa mwachangu, kutanthauza kuti woyang'anira thumba amapanga zisankho za momwe angagawire chuma m'thumba. Ali traded kamodzi kokha patsiku msika utatha, pamtengo wamtengo wapatali (NAV). Ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zingafunike ndalama zochepa ndipo zikhoza kunyamula ndalama zambiri kuposa ETFs. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kwa osunga ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali omwe amakonda njira ya manja ndipo ali okonzeka kulipira kasamalidwe ka akatswiri.
Kwenikweni, ma ETF ndi Mutual Funds amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Kusankha pakati pa ETFs ndi Mutual Funds kumadalira zolinga zanu zamalonda, kulolerana ndi chiopsezo, ndi njira zopezera ndalama. Monga a trader, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kuti mupange zisankho zodziwika bwino za komwe mungayike ndalama zanu. Kaya mumasankha ETFs, Mutual Funds, kapena zosakaniza zonse ziwiri, kumbukirani kuti ndalama zonse zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo china ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mupange kafukufuku wanu musanayike ndalama.
3.5. Dividends ndi Stock Splits
Pamene mukulowera kudziko lazamalonda, mawu awiri omwe mumakumana nawo pafupipafupi ndi malipiro ndi katundu wogawanika. Tiyeni tiyang'anenso zigawo zofunika kwambiri pazamalonda.
Zigawidwe kwenikweni ndi gawo la ndalama zomwe kampani amapeza zomwe zimagawidwa kwa eni ake. Ndi njira yomwe makampani amagawana kupambana kwawo ndi omwe adayikamo ndalama. Zogawana zitha kukhala gwero lalikulu la ndalama, makamaka kwa iwo omwe adayika ndalama m'makampani okhazikika, omwe amalipira magawo. Komabe, si makampani onse omwe amapereka malipiro, makamaka omwe ali m'magulu akukula omwe amakonda kubwezeretsanso phindu lawo mubizinesi.
Kumbali ina, a katundu wogawanika ndi njira yoyendetsera kampani kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa magawo ake pogawa magawo omwe alipo. Mwachitsanzo, mugawo la 2-kwa-1, pagawo lililonse lomwe muli nalo, mudzalandira lina lowonjezera. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale izi zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe muli nawo, mtengo wonse wa ndalama zanu umakhalabe wofanana ndi mtengo wagawo lililonse ukutsika molingana.
Ngakhale kuti zopindula zimapereka phindu lachindunji lazachuma, kugawanika kwa masheya kungapangitse kuti magawo azipezeka kwa osunga ndalama ang'onoang'ono pochepetsa mtengo pagawo lililonse. Magawo onse ndi magawo amasheya amatha kukhudza mtengo wamakampani ndipo ndizinthu zofunika kuziganizira munjira yanu yoyendetsera ndalama.
Kumbukirani, kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri popanga zisankho zanzeru pamsika wamasheya. Chifukwa chake, pitilizani kuphunzira, khalani ndi chidwi, ndikulola kuti dziko la masheya liwoneke pamaso panu.
