Magawo a stock: ziwerengero zofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kofunikira
Magawo mu malonda amakupatsirani zisonyezo zofunika m'matangadza ali ndi kuthekera ndipo omwe alibe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse kusanthula kwakukulu. Munjira iyi, mumayang'ana mtengo wamakampani ndikuyesera kudziwa ngati akupanga phindu lokhazikika ndikukhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino.
Ndiye mukufanizira magawo ogawana ndi msika wamasheya. Kodi mtengo wa osunga ndalama ndi wotani ndipo ndi wolungama kapena wovomerezeka poyerekeza ndi zomwe zingatheke? Mwa zina, mutha kufananiza phindu, mtengo wabuku ndi zotuluka ndi mtengo wapano. Mwanjira iyi, mumafika pakuchepetsa kapena kuchulukitsa. Ndikofunikira makamaka kwa ogula mtengo ndi kukula kwachuma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa kusanthula masheya okha.
Magawo ofunikira kwambiri pamagawo omwe muyenera kudziwa ndi awa:
- Phindu ndi phindu la kampani pagawo lililonse
- Mtengo wamabuku pagawo lililonse
- Kubweza pagawo lililonse
- Malowedwe andalama
- Ubwino
- Chiyerekezo chamitengo (P/E chiŵerengero)
- Chiyerekezo cha mtengo ndi buku (P/B chiŵerengero)
- Chiwerengero cha mtengo-wogulitsa
- Chiyerekezo cha mtengo ndi ndalama
- Chiŵerengero cha mtengo-mapindu-kukula
- Ubwino Wamakampani
- Divind/Dividend zokolola
- Zotuluka
- Beta factor
Mtengo wamkati: phindu la kampani, mtengo wamabuku, chiwongola dzanja ndi kuyenda kwandalama pagawo lililonse
Mtengo wapakati wamakampani ndi, kunena kwake, kuchuluka kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa chazachuma mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Za traders, cholinga chachikulu ndikupeza phindu. Izi zimasindikizidwa kotala ndi kufotokozedwa mwachidule kumapeto kwa chaka. Izi zimabweretsa zopeza zofunika pagawo lililonse, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ziwerengero zina zofunika. Komabe, phindu la kampaniyo sizinthu zokhazo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mtengo wamakampani. Chifukwa chake muyenera kulabadiranso kutembenuka koyera komanso kuchuluka kwandalama pakuwunika kwanu. Yotsirizira akufotokoza zamadzimadzi ndalama umayenda, mwachitsanzo inflows ndi outflows popanda zopeka makhalidwe.
Zomwe sizikhala zamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa muzinthu zogwirika ndi malo. Inde, izi zilinso ndi phindu lomwe siliyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mtengo wa bukhu umalemba zosintha zonsezi kupatula ndalama zobwereka. Zimakupatsirani chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe kampaniyo ikadali nayo.
Phindu/zopeza pagawo lililonse
Kuti muwerengere phindu la kampani pagawo lililonse, tengani zotsatira zovomerezeka za kumapeto kwa chaka kuchokera ku bwino pepala ndi kuligawa ndi chiwerengero cha magawo. Mwanjira iyi mumagawa phindu la pachaka kugawo la munthu aliyense ndikudziwa momwe pepalali lilili lofunika. Pambuyo pake, mutha kufananiza phindu lagawolo ndi mtengo wake ndikutsimikizira kuthekera kwake komwe sikunadziwike.
Kusintha / Kugulitsa pagawo lililonse
Turnover ndi ndalama zenizeni za kampani. Popeza ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito sizikuphatikizidwa pano, chiŵerengerochi ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa phindu. Kuyang'ana pamtengowu ndikosangalatsa kwambiri kwamakampani omwe akadali achichepere komanso ofunitsitsa kuyika ndalama.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira zatsopano komanso kukulitsa malingaliro anzeru, phindu lenilenilo nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika. Chiŵerengero cha phindu la mtengo chikhoza kusonyeza kuwonjezereka kwakukulu apa. Kutsatsa, kumbali ina, kukuwonetsa momwe kampaniyo ikugulitsa bwino pamsika. Ndizotheka kuti malonda kapena mautumikiwa ndi otchuka kwambiri ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chomwe sichinawonekere phindu lenilenilo.
Kutuluka kwandalama/ndalama pagawo lililonse
Mawu akuti cash flow kapena cash flow angangotanthauziridwa kuti ndalama. Wina akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengerochi kuti adziwe momwe gululo liri lamadzimadzi. Kodi ndalama zitha kupangidwa kukhala zamadzimadzi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kwambiri kapena kusungitsa, katundu wogwirika ndi nyumba ziyenera kuthetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali?
Mosiyana ndi phindu, kuyenda kwa ndalama kumawonetsera bwino zenizeni. Sizingaphatikizepo ndalama zopeka monga zoperekedwa kapena kutsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake mukuyang'ana mphamvu zomwe kampaniyo imapeza. Izi zitha kukhala zabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kapena kukhala zoperewera.
Mtengo wa bukhu/mtengo wa buku pagawo lililonse
Mtengo wa buku umaphatikizapo zonse zomwe equity capital imapeza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizimaphatikizapo phindu lokha, koma zinthu zonse zogwirika ndi malo enieni a kampaniyo. Mutha kuzindikira zonse zomwe zili mu izi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuyerekeza zomwe zili pagululo. Makamaka pankhani yamakampani akukula, izi ndizovuta kuzindikira phindu.
Mtengo wa bukhu wogawika kugawo ndi malondavantageous, osachepera pakuwunika misika ya boom. Kodi mtengo wogawana nawo wokwera kwambiri ngakhale kuti phindu lochepa lingakhale kuwira kwa masheya kapena kukula kwamasheya? Panthawi ya kuwira kwa dotcom, nthawi zambiri zinkawonekera kuchokera kuzinthu zochepa zamabuku ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe makampani ena akulowera.
Komabe, osunga ndalama ambiri panthawiyo adakopeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zidakwera pamsika kotero kuti adalephera kuwona ndalama zenizeni ndikugwera mumsampha wa equity bubble. Kuwerengera kokwanira kokhala ndi ziwerengero zonse zofunika kwambiri ndi deta ndiye kuti zonse ndi zomaliza za kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi mtengo wabizinesi uyenera kuwunikidwa bwanji?
Muzachuma, munthu amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi mtengo wabizinesi kuti awone bwino thanzi ndi mwayi wamtsogolo wamakampani. Kusiyanitsa kofunikira kumapangidwa pakati pa mtengo wabizinesi/mtengo wamakampani kuphatikiza magwero onse amalipiro ndi mtengo wosinthidwa kusaphatikiza ndalama zangongole.
Zomwe kampaniyo ili nazo pamsika pamaziko a ziwerengero zamkati zimachokera kuzinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zigwire ntchito komanso katundu wosafunikira kuti agwire ntchito. Zinthu izi pamodzi zimabweretsa phindu la kampani kapena bungwe.
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wabizinesi umawerengeredwa powonjezera ndalama za equity ndi ngongole, pomwe zinthu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito zimachotsedwa. Chiwerengero chachikuluchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera momwe ntchito zimagwirira ntchito ndi zotsatira zake pamisika yamisika kuti zizindikire zomwe zingatheke mocheperapo komanso mopitilira muyeso.
Poyerekeza ndi kuwerengera kwa msika: chiŵerengero cha P/E, chiŵerengero cha P/B
Choyamba, zikhulupiriro zamakampani zimakupatsirani chidziwitso chofunikira pazachuma pawokha. Pakugulitsa magawo, komabe, mukufuna kudziwa ngati chidziwitsochi chikufanana ndi kuwerengera kwamasheya. Nthawi zambiri, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitengo. Kusagwirizana kotereku kumapereka mwayi kwa osunga ndalama anzeru mwayi wabwino kwambiri wolowera m'njira zosiyanasiyana - ngakhale asanazindikiridwe ndi eni ake ena.
Chiŵerengero cha malipiro
Kwa eni ake amtengo wapatali komanso owerengera ofunikira, chiŵerengero cha phindu la mtengo (P/E chiŵerengero) ndicho chiŵerengero chofunika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengerochi, mwachidule, mumayerekezera mtengo wamtengo wapatali monga phindu la pachaka ndi mtengo wa gawo pamsika. Kuti muchite izi, choyamba muyenera kugawa phindu la kampani kukhala gawo pogawa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe atsala.
Kenako, gawani mtengo wagawo womwe ulipo ndi phindu pagawo lililonse. Kotero formula yowerengera ndi:
P/E = mtengo wogawana / phindu pagawo lililonse.
Muyenera tsopano kutanthauzira chiŵerengero chotsatira molondola. Mwambiri, mutha kunena kuti chiŵerengero chaching'ono cha P / E pafupi ndi mfundo 15 ndi pansipa chikuwonetsa kuperewera. Komabe, m'magawo ena zopindula zimatha kukhala zokwera chifukwa phindu lenilenilo silingakhale lamphamvu kwambiri pagawoli.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'ana chiŵerengero cha P / E mogwirizana ndi makampani ena. Ponseponse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha P/E kuti muzindikire, mwa zina, masheya amtengo wapatali, mwachitsanzo, zitetezo zomwe kuwerengera pamisika yazogulitsa ndizotsika kwambiri zomwe zingatheke komanso mphamvu zopezera ndalama. Komanso, inu mukhoza kuzindikira kale ngati pali overvaluation zotheka ndi chiopsezo wa katundu bubble. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupewa kuyika ndalama mumakampani amasheya.
Chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi buku
Pankhani ya phindu, poyamba mumangoyang'ana ndalama zomwe kampani ya Public Limited imatengera pazowonongeka. Izi sizikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zalowa muzogulitsa ndi nyumba, mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa cha ndalama, chidziwitso chochokera ku P/E chiŵerengero chikhoza kukunyengererani ndipo ndalama za kampaniyo ndi zabwino kuposa momwe mungaganizire poyamba.
Choncho, osunga ndalama anzeru nthawi zonse amawona chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi buku (P / B chiŵerengero) akamawerengera magawo. Amayang'ana mtengo wa bukhu ndikugawa mtengo ndi chiŵerengero ichi. Mwanjira imeneyi mumagwirizanitsa mtengo wamakono wa zotetezedwa pamsika ndi ndalama zonse.
P/B = Mtengo wogawana / Mtengo wa buku
Mtengo kapena mtengo wabuku nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuposa phindu. Izi zikuphatikiza, mwa zina, zinthu zonse zogwirika ndi malo. Chifukwa chake, chiŵerengero cha P/B ndichotsikanso kuposa chiŵerengero cha P/E. Izi zimapangitsa kuwerengera ndi kuwunika kukhala kosavuta kumlingo wina. Mumangoganizira ngati chiŵerengerocho chili pamwamba kapena pansi pa 1.
Ngati chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi buku (P/B) chili pansi pa 1, izi zikusonyeza kusawerengera. Ngati ndipamwamba, mukhoza kuganiza mopambanitsa. Chiyerekezo cha P/B ndichothandiza makamaka kwa makampani omwe ali mumsika wotsogola omwe kuwerengera kwawo sikukuphimbidwa ndi mapindu apano. Makampani ambiri m'magawo awa alibe chilichonse chowerengera komanso malo, koma amangoganiza zabizinesi. Mtengo wa buku ndi wotsika kwambiri komanso chiŵerengero cha P/B ndichokwera kwambiri.
Ngati ziwerengero zina zazikulu monga chiŵerengero cha P/E ndi KCV zikuwonetsa zotsatira zofanana, osunga ndalama akuyenera kukana kugula ndikutuluka. trade munthawi yabwino.
Chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali
Mtengo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, womwe, komabe, ukhoza kupereka chithandizo pamalingaliro onse posankha kugula kapena kutsutsa, ndiye chiwongolero cha chiwongola dzanja. Pamenepa, mumanyalanyaza ndalama za kampani. Mumangoyang'ana pa ndalama, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chaka chatha.
Izi zimakuwonetsani momwe zinthu kapena ntchito zakampani zikugulitsidwa. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri cha kukula kotheka. Mwina kampaniyo ili mu gawo loyambira, yapanga chopereka chodziwika bwino, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo iyenera kuyika ndalama kuti ipite patsogolo. Ndalamazi zimangochepetsa phindu ndipo mtengo wagawo ukhoza kuwoneka wokwezeka mopanda chifukwa.
Chiwongola dzanja ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo / chiwongoladzanja (P / S chiŵerengero) motero zimabweretsa kumveka bwino ndikupanga chidziwitso chabwinoko pa chitukuko chenicheni cha kampani. Mutha kuyang'ananso ziwerengero zazaka zam'mbuyomu kuti muwone ngati chiwongola dzanja chikukulirakulira, momwe gawoli likutchuka ndi osunga ndalama komanso ndalama zomwe zachitika posachedwa.
Mofanana ndi mtengo wa bukhu, chiwongoladzanja ndichokwera kwambiri kuposa phindu. Chifukwa chake, ziwerengero za magawowa ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E ndipo zitha kutanthauziridwa momveka bwino. Kawirikawiri, wina akhoza kunena kuti chiwerengero cha P / E pansi pa 1 chimasonyeza gawo lotsika mtengo kwambiri. Payenera kukhala zokwezeka zambiri apa. Mtengo wozungulira 1 mpaka 1.5 uli munjira yachikale, pomwe chilichonse chomwe chili pamwambacho chimawonedwa ngati chokwera mtengo.
Kufooka kwa KUV ndikotsimikizika kuti kumanyalanyaza zopeza. Izi sizingakhale zovuta m'zaka zoyambirira, zolemera kwambiri zamakampani. Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, kampani yaboma iyenera kukhala yopindulitsa. Chisonyezero chabwino chosonyeza ngati palidi kukula kwachibale chimaperekedwa ndi kuwunika kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa chiwerengero cha phindu.
Chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali
Kutuluka kwandalama kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati mphamvu zomwe makampani amapeza. Mawu achingerezi amatha kumasuliridwa kuti ndalama zotuluka, zomwe zimamveketsa bwino chomwe chiŵerengerochi chimafika. Ndizochulukirapo kapena zochepa ponena za kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa ndalama zamadzimadzi - mwachitsanzo kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji.
Zopereka zabodza, kutsika kwamitengo ndi zinthu zogwirika sizikuphatikizidwa. Mwanjira iyi, koposa zonse, phindu limasinthidwa ndi ndalama zomwe zilibe kufunikira kwenikweni mu bizinesi ya tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa ndalama, munthu amayamba amatenga zonse zomwe amapeza panthawi inayake (nthawi zambiri pachaka cha bizinesi). Zambiri mwazinthuzi ndi ndalama zogulira, ndalama zogulira monga chiwongola dzanja, ma subsidies ndi zochotsa. Pazimenezi mumachotsa ndalama zonse zomwe zili zofunika poyendetsa bizinesiyo - monga ndalama zakuthupi, malipiro, chiwongola dzanja ndi msonkho.
Misonkho isanaperekedwe, mumafika pakuyenda kwandalama. Kuchotsa misonkho ndi ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso ndalama zomwe mumapeza, mumapeza ndalama zosinthidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zitha kuchotsedwa ndikuwonjezedwa kuti zifike pamayendedwe aulere.
Kuti mufike pa chiwerengero cha mtengo / ndalama, ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zimagawidwa ndi chiwerengero cha magawo omwe amagawidwa. Ndalamazi zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa mtengo wamasheya wa kampaniyo. Chifukwa chake kuwerengera kuli motere:
KCV imagwiritsidwa ntchito koposa zonse chifukwa pali mwayi wochulukira pakudziwira phindu, mwachitsanzo kudzera mu ndalama zabodza. KCV imapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino chazinthu zenizeni zomwe zikufalitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngakhale phindu lomwe lili loyipa.
Mofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E, kutsika mtengo kumayendedwe a ndalama, katunduyo ndi wotsika mtengo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo kuti mutenge ndalama monga chowonjezera ku chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndipo potero muyang'ane zotetezedwa mwathunthu. Malondavantages ndi disadvantagema KCV kuyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E ndi:
Advantages Kusinthana kwa mtengo ndi ndalama VS. Chiwerengero cha P/E
- Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa nkhani ya zotayika
- Kuwongolera ma sheet sivuto locheperako poyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E.
- Pankhani ya njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera ndalama, KCV imapereka kufananitsa bwinoko.
Zowopsavantages Kusinthana kwa mtengo ndi ndalama VS. Chiwerengero cha P/E
- KCV kapena kutuluka kwa ndalama kumasinthasintha kuposa chiŵerengero cha P/E chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka ndalama
- Chifukwa cha ndalama / kutsika kwamitengo, KCV imasokonekera chifukwa chamakampani omwe akukula kwambiri komanso akuchepa.
- Pali njira zingapo zowerengera ndalama zomwe zikuyenda (zonse, zotuluka, zaulere)
- Mayendedwe a ndalama zam'tsogolo ndizosatheka kulosera
Kodi ndingatani ndi ma ratios?
Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi makamaka kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa magawo. Izi zimachitidwa ndi chiŵerengero cha P / E. Komabe, popeza zopeza zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi oyang'anira kampani ndipo, kumbali ina, ndalama zina sizinaphatikizidwe pakuwerengera ngati chitukuko chabwino, osunga ndalama odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zina. Izi zimakupatsani chithunzi chokwanira cha chitukuko chenicheni cha kampani.
Ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E ndi KCV, mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kufika pamtengo wapamwamba. Muyenera kutanthauzira izi molingana ndi bizinesi. Magawo akukula monga e-commerce, e-mobility, haidrojeni ndi zina zotero nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri. Chotsatira chake, chiŵerengero cha mtengo-mapindu makamaka ndichokwera kwambiri. Kungoyang'ana koyamba, munthu angaganize kuti ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Onse P / E chiŵerengero ndi KCV amasonyeza overvaluation pamtengo wapamwamba momveka bwino pamwamba 30. Tesla P/E chiŵerengero chotero chakhala bwino pamwamba 100 mfundo kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, mtengowu umayikidwa poyang'ana poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha mtengo / ndalama - KCV imayandikira theka la chiwerengero cha Tesla P / E.
Komabe, ngati tsopano tiwonjezera chiŵerengero cha PEG, mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha mtengo-mapindu-kukula, timapeza zotsatira zosayesedwa bwino za Tesla. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti kukula kwamtsogolo kumaganiziridwa potengera maulosi. Ndibwereranso ku mfundo iyi mtsogolo.
Pakuwerengera kwaposachedwa popanda kulosera zam'tsogolo, ziwerengero zina zambiri zimakayikiridwa. Makamaka, mumapindula ndi mtengo wamabuku ndi malonda kuti muwone bwino mitengo yamagawo malinga ndi mtengo wake.
Mkati mwa kusanthula kofunikira, mawonekedwe a KBV ndi KUV, pamaziko a ziwerengero zomwe zili pamwambapa kapena pansi pa 1, kaya gawolo ndi lamtengo wapatali kapena lopanda mtengo wokhudzana ndi ndalama ndi ndalama. Izi zimagwira ntchito yofunikira makamaka kwa makampani achichepere - apa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo ndipo motero zimasokoneza mawu okhudza kuthekera kwenikweni kwa phindu ndi kuyenda kwa ndalama.
Advantageous kwa Value and Growth Investment
Choyamba, munthu amagwiritsa ntchito ma ratios kuti awone mitengo yamagawo ngati yokwera kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri. Kuyembekezera izi: Mikhalidwe yonseyi imapereka mwayi wopanga ndalama mwaphindu. Monga lamulo, komabe, amalonda adzathamangira kumtengo wapatali, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuperewera kwakukulu. Kapenanso, kukula kwa masheya okhala ndi mtengo wamsika wokwera kwambiri kumatha kulonjeza anthu ofuna kugulitsa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi Value Investment ndi chiyani?
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi umodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri njira pakati pa osunga ndalama omwe amadalira kusanthula kofunikira pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zazikulu. Linapangidwa kutchuka koposa zonse ndi bukhu la Benjamin Graham "The Intelligent Investor" ndi wotsatira wake Warren Buffett, yemwe adapeza ndalama zambiri kudzera mu kampani yake yogulitsa ndalama Berkshire Hathaway.
Mfundo yofunikira pakuyika ndalama zamtengo wapatali ndikupeza mtengo wotsika kwambiri wamakampani omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake mumayang'ana chiŵerengero cha P/E ndi KCV. Izi zimapereka zidziwitso zoyamba ngati zingakhale zosawerengeka.
Tsopano ziyenera kumveka bwino ngati izi siziri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ma ratios ena, chiŵerengero cha P/B ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E. Koma ngati kampaniyo ili ndi kuthekera kochulukira, chifukwa chiyani izi sizikuwonetsedwa mwanjira yamitengo yamagawo?
Ili ndilo funso limene osunga ndalama mu gawo la mtengo ayenera kuyankha poyamba. Zifukwa zotheka zochepetsera mtengo zingakhale:
- Nkhani zoipa zokhudza kampaniyo
- Zosokoneza kwakanthawi komanso nkhani zoyipa zomwe zimapita nawo
- Mavuto apadziko lonse (inflation, nkhondo, mliri) ndi mantha omwe amabwera pakati pa osunga ndalama
- Otsatsa ndalama sanapezebe mwayi wodzipangira okha kapena akukayikirabe
- Chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kuyika ndalama zamtengo wapatali kuyenera kukhala kopindulitsa mulimonse. Ngakhale mitengo yamakampani opindulitsa kwambiri monga Amazon, Apple & Co. imatha kugwa pamavuto pakadali pano. Koma ngati ziwerengero zazikulu zikuwonetsa a
- mtundu wabizinesi wokhazikika, kuwerengerako mwina sikungakhale koyenera. Pakadali pano muyenera kuyika ndalama zanu pagawo lomwe mwagawana.
Mkhalidwewu ndi wosiyana pankhani ya zochitika zosafunikira zomwe zangowonekera posachedwa. N'zotheka kuti kampani yopikisana naye yangoyambitsa chinthu chosinthika chomwe mtsogoleri wamsika wam'mbuyoyo sadzatha kusunga nthawi yayitali. Otsatsa amagula izi potengera mtengo wawo m'tsogolomu.
Kotero ngakhale phindu la chaka chatha linali lalikulu ndipo chiŵerengero cha P/E chimasonyeza kutsika mtengo chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mitengo, izi zikhoza kukhala zomveka. Chifukwa chake mtengo ukhoza kugwera pamlingo wa pennystock, ndichifukwa chake ndalama pano sizingakhale bwino. Chitsanzo cha chitukuko choterocho ndi nkhani ya Nokia ndi Apple.
Kodi Growth Investment ndi chiyani?
Kukula kwachuma ndi njira yosiyana kwambiri. Otsatsa amalingalira kuti kampaniyo ndi makampani onse akadali achichepere. Choncho, ndalamazo ndizokwera ndipo phindu ndilochepa. Mpaka pano, zinthuzo mwina sizinakhazikike bwino pamsika. Komabe, lingalirolo ndilabwino kale ndipo likulonjeza kuti eni ake ambiri ali okonzeka kuyika ndalama zambiri kukampani.
Kaya ndi zomveka kapena ayi - mtengo wagawo umayamba kukwera. Otsatsa malonda akufuna kutenga zotsatsavantage kukula uku ndipo makamaka phindu kwa izo mu nthawi yaitali. Pa nthawi ya kuwira kwa dotcom, munthu akadakhala kubetcherana pamakampani ngati Amazon, Google ndi Apple kuti athe kutsatsa.vantage za mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 20. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru, masheya oterowo angakhale maziko abwino a kudziunjikira chuma muukalamba.
Kumbali ina, masheya okwera kwambiri (P/E ndi KCV kupitilira 30 ndi kupitilira apo; KBV ndi KUV kupitilira 1) amakhala ndi chizolowezi chokulirakulira kukhala thovu. Apa, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu kampani ndi osunga ndalama sizimakhudzidwa ndi kuthekera kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake msika ukupitilirabe mpaka anthu atazindikira kuti sizingapitirire chonchi.
Ogulitsa ndalama akangozindikira kuti kampaniyo singakwanitse kukwaniritsa zomwe msika wamalonda ukuyembekeza, msika ukugwa ndipo mitengo yagawo imatsika.
Ngakhale zili choncho, n’zotheka kupanga phindu mwanzeru. Kumbali imodzi, kubwerera kungatengedwe pachimake. Koma ngati munagulitsa ndalama mofulumira, ndi bwino kutuluka mwamsanga kuposa mochedwa - malinga ndi mawu akuti: sungani ndalama pamene mfuti ikuwombera, gulitsani violin ikusewera.
Kugulitsa kochepa ndi njira yosangalatsa. Pankhaniyi, mumabwereka gawo pamtengo wapamwamba ndikugulitsa nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake mumagulanso pamtengo wotsika ndikuupereka kwa omwe akukupatsani pamodzi ndi ndalama zangongole. Motero mwapeza phindu ndi kusiyana kwake chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mitengo.
Kugulitsa kwakanthawi, mwa njira, ndikosavuta kudzera pa CFD trade pa wanu broker. Mukungopita patsamba lofananira, kulembetsa ndi dzina lanu ndi imelo adilesi ndipo mutha trade mosagwirizana ndi makontrakitala enieni. Mutha pezani ufulu broker mosavuta ndi wathu chida chofananira.
Mavuto ndi kusanthula kwa magawo pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamitengo
Vuto lalikulu pakutanthauzira kwamitengo yamitengo potengera zomwe amapeza, mtengo wamabuku, malonda ndi kuyenda kwandalama ndikuti amangokupatsani chithunzithunzi cham'mbuyomu. Komabe, kuwerengera kwa magawo pamsika wamasheya nthawi zonse kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika komanso ziyembekezo zamtsogolo. Izi zimapanga kusiyana komwe kungathe kulungamitsidwa kapena kusamveka.
Akatswiri enieni azindikira posachedwa kuti kuyang'ana zakale sikukwanira kwa mafakitale ena. Choncho, munthu ayenera kuyang'ananso zolosera zam'tsogolo, mwa zina, ndikuphatikiza izi pakuwunika.
Njira zomwe zingatheke: Kukula, kuneneratu, kuchepa kwa ndalama ndi zida
Kuti muchepetse zovuta za kusanthula koyang'ana kumbuyo, chinthu chimodzi chokha chimathandiza: muyenera kuyang'ana zamtsogolo. Pali zida zina zomwe zili m'bokosi lazachuma zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa izi. Makamaka, zolosera ndi kufananitsa kukula kungakuthandizeni kukupatsani chithunzithunzi chamsika.
Chiŵerengero cha mtengo-mapindu-kukula
Chida chothandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi chiŵerengero cha PEG (chiŵerengero cha mtengo/mapindu ndi kukula). Imawerengeredwa pogawa KVG ndi kuchuluka komwe kukuyembekezeka. Choncho formula ndi:
PEG Ratio = P/E chiŵerengero / chiyembekezero cha kuchuluka kwa zopeza.
Zotsatira zake nthawi zonse mumapeza mtengo pamwamba kapena pansi pa 1. Pamwamba pa 1 mutha kuganiza mopitilira muyeso, pansi pa 1 ndikuchepetsa. Mwachitsanzo, gawo likhoza kukhala ndi chiŵerengero cha P/E cha 15 ndi kulosera kwa 30 peresenti. PEG ndiye idzakhala 0.5, kotero munthu angayembekezere mtengo wagawo kuwirikiza kawiri chaka chamawa.
Komabe, vuto la PEG ndiloti zoneneratu sizingakwaniritsidwe 1 mpaka 1. Akatswiri amangowapeza kuchokera ku chitukuko cha zaka zapitazi komanso momwe chuma chikuyendera mu gawo linalake. Ngati pakhala kugwa kwachuma mwadzidzidzi kapena zovuta, zomwe zimachitika mwadzidzidzi zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwongola dzanja chamsika sichimaganiziridwa, zomwe zimakhudzanso kukula kwa magawo.
Chiŵerengero cha Forward P/E
Otsatsa ambiri akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha P / E chamtsogolo monga gawo la kusanthula kwawo. Amadziwikanso kuti Forward PE Ratio. Mosiyana ndi chiŵerengero cha PE chodziwika bwino, sichitengera phindu la pachaka lakale, koma pakuyembekezera phindu. Makamaka poyerekezera ndi miyezi yapitayi, n'zosavuta kuganiza za kukwera mtengo kapena kutsika mtengo.
Forward PE ratio = mtengo wagawo wapano / zolosera zomwe zapezeka pagawo lililonse
Ndi bwino kuyang'ana kutsogolo kwa PE chiŵerengero pamodzi ndi zotsatira za zaka zingapo zapitazi. Ngati zili pamwamba pa izi, chiyembekezo chopeza ndalama chikutsika. Mofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha P / E, ziyembekezo za kampani kuchokera ku msika wogulitsa zimasiyana malinga ndi makampani. Kuchulukitsa ndi kutsika mtengo kotero kumatsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse muzochitika za msika.
Komabe, muyenera kudziwa nthawi zonse kuti phindu lolosera ndilofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri akuganiza kuti kukula, izi siziyenera kuchitika pamapeto. Komanso, mabungwe owerengera ndalama amatsogozedwa ndi mapepala ovomerezeka, omwe, komabe, amatha kusinthidwa ndi oyang'anira kampani.
Wina disadvantage ya kutsogolo PE ndi nthawi yochepa yolosera. Chiŵerengero cha PE choterechi chikhoza kukhala chothandiza poyang'ana zaka zingapo zamtsogolo. Komabe, iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi komanso amayang'ana mozama m'magawo ena nthawi zambiri amapindula ndi ndalama pakanthawi kochepa.
Kutuluka kwa ndalama
Kutsika kwandalama (DCF) kungatanthauzidwe ngati kutsika kwandalama. Apa, mtengo wabizinesi umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawerengedwe ovuta komanso kuwunika. Mosiyana ndi chiŵerengero cha kutsogolo kwa PE, chitsanzochi chimagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka ndalama monga maziko, komanso zowonetseratu zam'tsogolo. Choncho, malingaliro ongoganizira okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Izi, pambuyo pa zonse, zimatengera mabanki kapena maakaunti a phindu ndi otayika azaka zingapo zapitazi. Komabe, kuyenda kwa ndalama sikungowonjezeredwa, koma kuchepetsedwa poyerekezera ndi chaka chomwe chinayambira. Izi sizikutanthauza china koma kuti chiwongola dzanja ndi inflation zikuwonjezedwa.
Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonongeke pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, monga wogulitsa ndalama, simuyenera kungosiya katundu muakaunti yakubanki popanda chifukwa, koma m'malo mwake muyike m'magawo ena kuti muteteze kukwera kwa inflation.
Ngongole ku chiŵerengero cha equity ya kampani
Zingakhalenso zosangalatsa kuyang'ana pa ngongole ku chiŵerengero cha equity (D / E chiŵerengero). Pano inu, monga Investor, yang'anani ngongole kapena ndalama zobwereka zokhudzana ndi ndalamazo.
Tiyeni tiwongolere chinthu chimodzi: Ngongole si chinthu cholakwika kumakampani. M'malo mwake, ngongole yobwereketsa imapereka chilimbikitso chokulirapo pakupanga zatsopano komanso kugulitsa. Komanso, chifukwa cha chiwongola dzanja chochepa chomwe chakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, munthu amasangalala ndi malonda ambirivantages pakugwiritsa ntchito equity capital.
Komabe, pali chiwopsezo china pobwereka ndalama. Ikhoza kubwezeredwa posachedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi ndalama zofananira nthawi zonse.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerengera chiŵerengero cha D/E, mumatenga ngongole zonse zazing'ono ndi zazitali palimodzi, zigaweni ndi chiwerengerocho ndikuwerengera chiwerengerocho mwa kuchulukitsa ndi 100:
Chiyerekezo cha D/E = ngongole zapano ndi zomwe sizili pano / equity * 100.
Mtengo uwu umakuuzani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu ngongole. Ngati chiŵerengerocho chili 10 peresenti, uku kudzakhala mlingo wa ngongole.
Kawirikawiri, tinganene kuti ngongole yoposa 100 peresenti nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka - makampani omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri, kumbali ina, amayendetsa njira yotetezeka kwambiri.
Kwa osunga ndalama, komabe, kuchuluka kwa ngongole kumatha kuwonedwa ngati dalaivala wobwereranso pakanthawi kochepa. Ogawana nawo amazindikira kuti obwereketsa ambiri ali okonzeka kubwereketsa chuma chawo kugululi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri komanso kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu. Kumbali ina, ngati pali gawo lalikulu la chiwongoladzanja, chitukuko cha mtengo wagawo chimachepetsedwa, koma kumbali ina gawoli nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhazikika.
Gwero lachiwiri la ndalama: zopindula ndi zokolola
Kupatula zokolola, gawo logawika ndi losinthika lomwe limagwirizana ndi magawo. Ndi malipirowa, mumapatsa makampani gawo la phindu lanu. Ku USA, magawo amalipidwa kotala, pomwe ku Germany mumalandira malipirowa kamodzi pachaka.
Chifukwa chake ndikupangitsa kuti gawoli likhale lokongola kwa osunga ndalama. Makamaka pankhani ya tchipisi ta buluu, mwachitsanzo, makampani omwe ali ndi capitalization yamsika kwambiri komanso pang'ono kusasinthasintha, zokolola zimawonjezeka pachaka zimakhala zochepa. Gawoli limapereka malipiro ofanana.
Palinso osunga ndalama ambiri omwe amangokonda magawo omwe amapindula kwambiri. Kenako amayang'ana kwambiri mafumu omwe amagawika, mwachitsanzo, makampani omwe amalipira magawo a phindu kwazaka zambiri popanda kusokonezedwa.
Kuti mudziwe za gawo lofananira ndi ziwerengero zazikuluzikulu, yang'anani zomwe zagawika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa muchidule chambiri pa brokermonga eToro, IG.com ndi Capital.com.
Zokolola zamagulu zikuwonetsa chiŵerengero chapakati pa gawo lomaliza ndi mtengo wamakono ngati peresenti. Chifukwa chake, imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ili:
Gawo lomwe laperekedwa pagawo lililonse / mtengo wagawo wapano * 100.
Chofunikira ndichakuti izi zimakuwuzani kuchuluka kwa kubweza pagawo lililonse ndikukuwonetsani ngati ndalamazo zitha kukhala zopindulitsadi. Kutsika kwa mtengo wagawo ndi kukwezera phindu la magawo, m'pamenenso mumapeza zokolola zambiri.
Kuchuluka kwapamwamba kumakhala bwino nthawi zonse potengera zokolola zamagulu. Zosankha zabwino kwambiri zogulira magawo enieni ndi, koposa zonse, makampani omwe amapeza mtengo pafupifupi 15 peresenti kapena kupitilira apo. Ngakhale izi ndizosowa. Zitsanzo zamagawo omwe anali ndi zokolola zambiri kuyambira 2022 ndi Hapag-Lloyd (9.3 peresenti), publity (12.93 peresenti), Digital Realty PDF G (18.18 peresenti) ndi Macy's (11.44 peresenti).
