1. Chidule cha Kugulitsa Zosankha
1.1. Chidule Chachidule cha Kugulitsa Zosankha
Zosintha malonda ndi njira yazachuma yomwe imaphatikizapo mapangano omwe amapatsa mwiniwake ufulu, koma osati udindo, kugula kapena kugulitsa katundu wamtengo wapatali pamtengo wina wake mkati mwa nthawi inayake. Katundu wapansi awa akhoza kuyambira m'matangadza ndi bonds ku kusinthanatraded ndalama (ETFs) ndi zida zina zachuma. Zosankha nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zongoganizira, zopezera ndalama, ndi chiopsezo kasamalidwe chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo.
Kwenikweni, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma contract: zosankha zoyimbira ndi ikani zosankha. Njira yoyimba foni imapatsa mwiniwake ufulu wogula katunduyo pamtengo wokhazikika, womwe umadziwika kuti mtengo wonyalanyazidwa, chisankhocho chisanathe. Kumbali inayi, njira yoyika imalola mwiniwake kugulitsa katundu wake pamtengo wamtengo wapatali mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Mosiyana ndi kugula mwachindunji masheya, zosankha zimapereka mwayi, wothandizira traders kuwongolera kuchuluka kwazinthu zogulira pang'ono poyambira. Komabe, izi zimabweretsa mwayi komanso zoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira traders kuti mumvetsetse mozama momwe zosankha zimagwirira ntchito.
1.2. Kufotokozera Lingaliro la Portfolio Hedging
Portfolio hedging ndi mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito zida zandalama, monga zosankha, kuti muchepetse kapena kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zobwera chifukwa cha bizinesi. Ngakhale kuyika ndalama m'misika kumakhala ndi chiwopsezo, kutsekera kumapangidwa kuti kutetezere mtengo wa katundu ku msika woyipa, monga kutsika kosayembekezereka kapena kusakhazikika. M'malo mongoyang'ana pakupanga phindu, kutsekera kumafuna kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kungachitike, kuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zizikhalabe zokhazikika ngakhale pamavuto amsika.
Mwachitsanzo, wogulitsa ndalama yemwe ali ndi mbiri ya masheya akhoza kuda nkhawa kuti msika ukubwera. Kuti athetse ngoziyi, wogulitsa ndalama akhoza kugula zosankha, zomwe zingawonjezere mtengo ngati mitengo yamtengo wapatali ikugwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutayika kwa katundu. Ngakhale kutchingira sikumachotsa ziwopsezo zonse, kumapereka chitetezo ku zochitika zosayembekezereka, zomwe zimathandiza osunga ndalama kuti asunge likulu lawo panthawi yovuta ya msika.
1.3. Kufunika kwa Kugulitsa Zosankha za Kuwongolera Zowopsa
Kuwongolera zowopsa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ndalama ziziyenda bwino kwanthawi yayitali. Ngakhale malo ofufuzidwa bwino komanso osiyanasiyana amatha kukumana ndi zotayika zazikulu chifukwa cha Malonda osasunthika, zochitika zadziko, kapena mavuto azachuma. Apa ndipamene malonda osankha amakhala chida chofunikira pakuwongolera zoopsa. Mwa kuphatikizira zosankha mu ndalama zambiri strategy, osunga ndalama amatha kudziteteza ku zovuta za msika pomwe akukhalabe ndi mwayi wopeza phindu.
Zosankha zimapereka zosiyanasiyana njira kusamalira ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zosankha kumatha kukhala ngati inshuwaransi, kuteteza mbiri kuti isawonongeke kwambiri popanda kufunikira kochotsa katundu. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zomwe mungasankhe monga kugulitsa mafoni ophimbidwa zitha kupititsa patsogolo kubweza popanga ndalama zowonjezera pazinthu zomwe zilipo kale. Kusinthasintha kwa zosankha kumalola osunga ndalama kuti asinthe malo awo pomwe mikhalidwe ya msika ikusintha, kuwapatsa mphamvu zowongolera ma portfolio awo. M'nthawi yakusatsimikizika kwa msika, kugulitsa zosankha kwakhala kofunika kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama omwe akufuna kukhazikitsira kubweza kwawo ndikuchepetsa zoopsa.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Chidule cha Zosankha Zogulitsa | Kutsatsa kosankha kumaphatikizapo makontrakitala omwe amapereka ufulu wogula kapena kugulitsa katundu pamtengo wodziwikiratu mkati mwanthawi yake. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zosankha: zosankha zoyimba ndi kuika zosankha. |
| Portfolio Hedging | Kutsekera kwa ma portfolio kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zandalama monga zosankha kuti muchepetse kapena kuthetseratu kuopsa kokhudzana ndi mbiri, kuiteteza kumayendedwe oyipa amsika. |
| Kufunika Kowongolera Zowopsa | Zosankha ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera zoopsa, kuthandiza osunga ndalama kuteteza mabizinesi awo kuti asatayike, kupititsa patsogolo kubweza, ndikupereka kusinthasintha potengera kusintha kwa msika. |
2. Kumvetsetsa Mapangano Osankha
2.1. Zoyambira Kuyimba ndi Kuyika Zosankha
Pakatikati pa zosankha zamalonda pali mitundu iwiri yofunikira yamakontrakitala: zosankha zoyimbira ndi ikani zosankha. Iliyonse mwa makontrakitalawa imakhala ndi cholinga chake ndipo imapatsa osunga ndalama mwayi wopeza phindu komanso kuwongolera zoopsa.
A kuyitanitsa njira ndi mgwirizano umene umapatsa wogula ufulu, koma osati udindo, kugula katundu wamtengo wapatali pamtengo wokonzedweratu, wotchedwa mtengo wamtengo, tsiku lomaliza la mgwirizano lisanathe. Otsatsa nthawi zambiri amagula njira zoimbira foni akamayembekezera kuti mtengo wamtengowo udzakwera. Pogula njirayo, wogulitsa akhoza kupindula ndi kuyamikira kwa mtengo wa katunduyo popanda kufunikira kuyikapo ndalamazo. Ngati mtengo wa katunduyo ukukwera pamwamba pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, njira yoyimbirayi imakwera mtengo, zomwe zimalola wogulitsa ndalama kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wogula katunduyo pamtengo wotsika kapena kugulitsa mwayiwo pa phindu. Komabe, ngati mtengo wa katunduyo ukhalabe pansi pa mtengo wogulira, mwayiwo udzatha, ndipo woyimilirayo adzataya ndalama zomwe amalipira kuti agule chisankhocho.
Mosiyana, a ikani njira zimapatsa wogula ufulu, koma osati udindo, kuti agulitse katundu wake pamtengo wamtengo wapatali mgwirizano usanathe. Zosankha za Put nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa ndi osunga ndalama omwe amayembekezera kuti mtengo wazinthuzo utsika. Ngati mtengowo ukugwera pansi pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, njira yoyikapo imapeza phindu, zomwe zimalola wogulitsa ndalama kuti agulitse katunduyo pamtengo wokwera kwambiri kapena kugulitsa njirayo pawokha phindu. Ngati mtengo wa katunduyo ukhalabe pamwamba pa mtengo wogulira, njirayo imatha kukhala yopanda phindu, ndipo kutayika kwa Investor kumangokhala pamtengo wolipira.
Zosankha zonse ziwiri zoyimba ndi kuyika zimapereka njira zapadera kuti osunga ndalama apindule ndi kusuntha kwamitengo pamsika pomwe akuchepetsa chiwopsezo chawo chamtengo wapatali chomwe amalipira pazosankha.
2.2. Malipiro Osankhira, Mitengo Yomenyera, ndi Madeti Otsiriza
Mawu angapo ofunikira amatanthawuza dongosolo la mgwirizano wa zosankha: the umafunika, mtengo wamtengondipo tsiku lothera ntchito. Kumvetsetsa mawu awa ndikofunikira kwa aliyense amene akuyang'ana trade zosankha.
The premium njira ndi mtengo womwe wogula njirayo amapereka kwa wogulitsa. Ndalamayi ikuyimira mtengo wopezera ufulu womwe wafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano wa chisankho. Kwa ogula, malipirowo ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe angathe kutaya ngati njirayo itatha, pamene ogulitsa (omwe amadziwika kuti olemba njira), malipirowo amaimira ndalama zomwe amalandira posinthanitsa ndi kutenga zomwe zingatheke pa mgwirizano.
The mtengo wamtengo ndi mtengo woyikidwiratu womwe katunduyo angagulidwe (pakakhala njira yoimbira foni) kapena kugulitsidwa (pakakhala njira yoyika). Mtengo wowombera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira phindu lachinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, kuyimba foni kumakhala kopindulitsa, kapena "ndalama," pamene mtengo wamsika wa chinthucho uposa mtengo wonyanyala. Mosiyana ndi izi, njira yoyikapo imakhala yopindulitsa pamene mtengo wamsika utsika pansi pamtengo wogulira.
The tsiku lothera ntchito ndi tsiku lomaliza lomwe chisankhocho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena chidzatha. Zosankha nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa potengera nthawi yomaliza: zosankha zanthawi yochepa (zotha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo), komanso zosankha zazitali, monga LEAPS (Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities), zomwe zimatha kutha mpaka zaka zingapo. Njira ikayandikira tsiku lotha ntchito, m'pamenenso mtengo wake ukhoza kusinthasintha, makamaka pamene ikuyandikira mtengo wake.
2.3. Mtengo Wamkati ndi Wakunja Wazosankha
Mtengo wa chisankho umatsimikiziridwa ndi zigawo ziwiri: mtengo wamkati ndi mtengo wakunja (imadziwikanso kuti mtengo wanthawi). Zinthu ziwirizi zimaphatikizana kuti zitsimikizire mtengo wokwanira kapena premium ya chinthucho nthawi iliyonse.
The mtengo wamkati cha njira ikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa phindu lomwe lingachitike ngati chisankhocho chikagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Pakuyimbira foni, mtengo wamkati umawerengedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali (ngati katunduyo akugulitsidwa pamwamba pa mtengo wogulira). Ngati katunduyo akugulitsidwa pansi pa mtengo wogulira, njira yoyimbayi ilibe mtengo weniweni. Pachisankho choyikapo, mtengo wamtengo wapatali umatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo wamakono wa katunduyo (ngati katunduyo akugulitsidwa pansi pa mtengo wonyanyala). Njira yokhala ndi mtengo wamkati imatchedwa "ndalama."
Mtengo wakunja, kumbali ina, ndi gawo la mtengo wa chisankho chomwe chimaposa mtengo wake weniweni. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mtengo wa nthawi ya chisankho, chifukwa chimasonyeza kuthekera kwa mwayi wowonjezera mtengo usanathe. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lakunja ndi monga nthawi yotsalira mpaka ntchitoyo ithe komanso kusakhazikika kwa chinthucho. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yotsala ndi kukwezeka kwa kusakhazikika komwe kumayembekezeredwa, kumapangitsanso mtengo wakunja wa chisankhocho.
Pamene njira ikuyandikira tsiku lake lotha ntchito, mtengo wake wakunja umachepa, chinthu chodziwika bwino kuwola nthawi. Pachifukwa ichi, zosankha zomwe sizikutha ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zosasinthika zomwe zimakhala ndi malipiro apamwamba.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Zoyambira Kuyimba ndi Kuyika Zosankha | Zosankha zoyimbira zimakupatsani ufulu wogula katundu pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa, pomwe zosankha zoyika zimapereka ufulu wogulitsa. Phindu limadalira kayendedwe ka katundu. |
| Malipiro, Mitengo Yomenyera, Madeti Otha Ntchito | Malipiro osankhidwa amaperekedwa ndi ogula kwa ogulitsa. Mitengo yakunyanyala imatsimikizira phindu, ndipo masiku otha ntchito amatanthauzira moyo wa mgwirizano. |
| Intrinsic ndi Extrinsic Value | Mtengo wamkati umayimira phindu lomwe mwasankha, pomwe mtengo wakunja umawonetsa nthawi ndi zinthu zosasinthika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu likhale lokwanira. |
3. Njira Zomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Pazipatso
Kusankha njira kumathandizira osunga ndalama kuti ateteze ma portfolio awo kuti asawonongeke pomwe akukhalabe ndi mwayi wopeza phindu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zenizeni, osunga ndalama amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka msika koyipa. M'chigawo chino, tiwona njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira hedge, kuphatikiza mafoni ophimbidwa, zodzitetezera, makolala, zotchingira ndi zotchingira, komanso kuphatikiza.
3.1. Maitanidwe Ophimbidwa
3.1.1. Momwe Maitanidwe Ophimbidwa Amagwirira Ntchito
A foni yophimbidwa ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhala ndi malo otalika muzinthu pamene mukugulitsa (kulemba) njira yoyimbira pamtengo womwewo. Wogulitsa ndalama amapeza ndalama zolipirira pogulitsa njira yoyimbira foni, yomwe imapereka ndalama mwachangu. Posinthanitsa, wogulitsa ndalamayo amavomereza kugulitsa katundu pamtengo wamtengo wapatali ngati chisankhocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imaonedwa kuti ndi "yophimbidwa" chifukwa wogulitsa ndalama ali kale ndi chuma chake, choncho ngati njira yoyimbira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, wogulitsa akhoza kupereka magawo popanda kugula pamsika.
Mafoni ophimbidwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa pa stock koma samayembekezera kutsika mtengo kwakanthawi kochepa. Polemba kuyimba, wochita malonda akhoza kupanga ndalama zowonjezera kuchokera kumtengo wapatali, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa vuto lililonse lomwe lingakhalepo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali.
3.1.2. Malondavantages ndi Disadvantages
Chimodzi mwazotsatsa zazikuluvantages wa njira yophimbidwa yoyimbayimba ndikuti imalola osunga ndalama kuti apeze ndalama zowonjezera kuchokera kuzinthu zawo popanda kugulitsa. Ndalama zolandilidwa pogulitsa foniyo zitha kukuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutsika kwapang'ono kwa mtengo wamasheya. Njirayi imathandizanso osunga ndalama kuti azitha kupeza ndalama pakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa ndalama zolipirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba pomwe mtengo wamasheya ukuyembekezeka kukhala wokhazikika.
Komabe, njira yoyitanitsa yomwe idaphimbidwa ilinso ndi malire ake. Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukukwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, wogulitsa ndalama amayenera kugulitsa katunduyo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, zomwe zingathe kuphonya phindu lina. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukutsika kwambiri, ndalama zomwe mumapeza pogulitsa foniyo sizingakhale zokwanira kuthetsa zotayika zamtengo wapatali.
3.1.3. Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Mafoni Ophimbidwa
Kuyimbira kophimbidwa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pamene wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi katundu yemwe amakhulupirira kuti adzakhalabe okhazikika kapena kuwonjezeka mtengo wake. Njira iyi ndiyabwino kupanga ndalama m'misika yotsika kapena yocheperako. Otsatsa atha kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni ophimbidwa akamayembekezera kuthekera kocheperako ndipo amakhala omasuka polemba zomwe apeza pamtengo wogunda. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osunga ndalama kwanthawi yayitali omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo kubweza kwawo popanda kugulitsa katundu wawo.
3.2. Kuyika Zoteteza
3.2.1. Mmene Chitetezo Chimagwirira Ntchito
A chitetezo ndi njira yomwe Investor amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali mu stock ndikugula njira yoyika pa stock yomweyo. Kuyika njira kumapereka mwayi kwa wogulitsa ndalama kuti agulitse katunduyo pamtengo wokonzedweratu, kupereka chitetezo chotsika ngati mtengo wa katunduyo ukugwera pansi pa mlingo umenewo. M'lingaliro ili, chitetezo chimayikidwa ngati inshuwaransi ya masheya a Investor.
Kuyika kwachitetezo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chidwi pazayembekezo zanthawi yayitali koma akuda nkhawa ndi kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa. Pogula njira yoyikapo, wogulitsa ndalama amaonetsetsa kuti akhoza kugulitsa katunduyo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, ziribe kanthu momwe mtengo wamsika ungagwere.
3.2.2. Malondavantages ndi Disadvantages
Malonda oyambavantage ya njira yodzitetezera ndikuti imapereka mwayi wopanda malire pomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo chotsika. Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukukwera, wogulitsa ndalama amapindula mokwanira ndi kuyamikira, pamene mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukuchepa, njira yoyika imateteza. Njira yoyika imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo, zomwe zimalola wogulitsa ndalama kuti agwiritse ntchito katunduyo ngakhale panthawi yovuta.
Kumbali inayi, kugula zosankha kumafuna kuti wogulitsa alipire ndalama zambiri, zomwe zingachepetse kubwereranso ngati mtengo wa katundu suchepa. Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhalabe wolimba kapena ukukwera, wochita malonda akhoza kutaya ndalama zomwe amalipira popanda kupeza phindu lina lililonse. Kuonjezera apo, mtengo woyikapo ukhoza kukhala wofunika kwambiri ngati wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
3.2.3. Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Zoyika Zoteteza
Kuyika kwachitetezo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chidwi pamasheya kwa nthawi yayitali koma akufuna kupewa kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kutsika kwa msika. Njirayi ndi yoyenera makamaka pamene wochita malonda akuyembekeza kuti katundu akhoza kukhala ndi zofooka kwakanthawi koma amakhalabe ndi chidaliro paziyembekezo zake zanthawi yayitali. Kuyika kodzitchinjiriza kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito patsogolo pa zochitika zazikulu zamsika kapena malipoti olandila pomwe kusatsimikizika kuli kwakukulu.
3.3. Makolala
3.3.1. Momwe Collars Amagwirira Ntchito
A kolala ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhala ndi udindo wautali mu katundu, kugula malo otetezera, ndi kugulitsa foni yophimbidwa pa katundu yemweyo. Kuyika kwachitetezo kumachepetsa chiwopsezo chotsika, pomwe kuyimba komwe kukuyimbidwa kumachepetsa kuthekera koma kumapanga ndalama zolipirira mtengo woyika. Zotsatira zake ndi "kolala" yomwe imatsekereza phindu ndi kutayika komwe kungatheke mkati mwa milingo yokonzedweratu.
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi osunga ndalama omwe akufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo chakumbuyo komanso kupindula kwawo. Ndalama zomwe zimapezeka pogulitsa njira yoyimbira zimathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wogulira njira yoyika, ndikupangitsa kolala kukhala njira yotsika mtengo yotsekera malo.
3.3.2. Malondavantages ndi Disadvantages
Njira ya kolala imapereka phindu lotchinga motsutsana ndi chiwopsezo chotsika pomwe imakhalanso yotsika mtengo kuposa kungogula malo oteteza. Chifukwa chakuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wopangidwa kuchokera ku foni yophimbidwa umathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wa kuika, mtengo wa hedge umachepetsedwa. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwa osunga ndalama omwe akufunafuna njira yoyendetsera bwino chiopsezo ndi mphotho.
Komabe, monga mafoni ophimbidwa, njira ya kolala imalepheretsa kuthekera kokulirapo. Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukukwera kwambiri, wogulitsa ndalama ayenera kugulitsa katunduyo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa njira yoyitanitsa, akusowa zopindula zina. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko ya kolala ingafunike kasamalidwe kowonjezereka ndi kusintha, makamaka pamene masiku otsiriza akuyandikira.
3.3.3. Nthawi Yogwiritsa Ntchito Kolala
Makolala ndi oyenera kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi nkhawa kuti masheya angayendere pansi koma sakufuna kulipira ndalama zambiri kuti atetezedwe. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi osunga ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali omwe akufunafuna kubweza pang'ono pomwe akuteteza kukutaika kwakukulu. Ndilonso njira yothandiza panthawi yakusatsimikizika kwa msika pamene kusakhazikika kumayembekezeredwa koma wochita malonda akufunabe kukhalabe ndi katundu.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Maitanidwe Ophimbidwa | Kugulitsa njira yoyimbira foni kwinaku mukugwira masheya kuti mupange ndalama. Imagwira ntchito bwino m'misika yotsika kapena yocheperako. |
| Zodzitetezera | Kugula njira yoyika kuti muteteze ku chiwopsezo chotsika mukakhala ndi masheya. Zothandiza kwa osunga ndalama kwanthawi yayitali omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa. |
| Mipira | Kuphatikizira chitetezo chokhala ndi foni yophimbidwa kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo chambiri komanso kuthekera kwapang'onopang'ono. Zoyenera kuyang'anira zoopsa zapakatikati. |
4. Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Posankha Njira Yopangira Njira
Kusankha njira yoyenera yopangira hedging kumafuna kuganizira mozama zinthu zingapo. Zinthu izi zimathandiza kudziwa njira yoyenera kutengera zolinga za Investor, kulolerana kwachiwopsezo, komanso momwe msika ukuyendera. Gawoli liwunikanso zinthu zazikuluzikulu monga kapangidwe ka mbiri, kulekerera zoopsa, momwe msika ukuyendera, komanso kusanthula mtengo wa phindu.
4.1. Mapangidwe a Portfolio: Stocks, Bond, ETFs, etc.
Chinthu choyamba choyenera kuganizira posankha njira yopangira njira ndi momwe mungapangire mbiri yanu. Magulu osiyanasiyana azinthu monga masheya, ma bond, ndi ma ETF ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakhazikika komanso chiopsezo, zomwe zimakhudza kusankha njira zomwe mungasankhe. Mwachitsanzo, masheya nthawi zambiri amakhala osasunthika kuposa ma bond, ndipo motero, wogulitsa ndalama amatha kusankha njira zowopsa, monga zoteteza kapena straddles, kuti amange mbiri yolemera kwambiri. Kumbali ina, kwa ma portfolio omwe amakhala ndi kusakanikirana kwa ma bond ndi ma ETF, omwe amakhala okhazikika, njira ngati makola kapena mafoni ophimbidwa angakhale oyenera chifukwa adapangidwa kuti aziyang'anira chiopsezo chocheperako.
Komanso, malire za katundu mu mbiri zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira njira yabwino kwambiri. Ngati katunduyo ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa malonda komanso kufalikira kwapang'onopang'ono, njira zomwe mungasankhe zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo. Mosiyana ndi izi, katundu wa illiquid angapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zogulira komanso kutchinga, kupangitsa njira zina zosankhidwa kukhala zocheperako.
4.2. Kulekerera Zowopsa: Kodi Mukulolera Kuvomereza Zowopsa Zingati?
Kumvetsetsa kulekerera kwanu pachiwopsezo ndikofunikira posankha njira yomwe mungachitire. Osunga ndalama ena ali ndi kulekerera kwakukulu pachiwopsezo ndipo amalolera kuvomereza kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa posinthanitsa ndi phindu lomwe lingakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ena angakonde kutenga njira yosamala kwambiri, kuyang'ana kwambiri kusunga ndalama ngakhale zitatanthawuza kusiya zomwe zingatheke.
Kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali pachiwopsezo, njira monga zodzitetezera kapena makola ndi abwino, chifukwa amachepetsa kutsika pomwe amalola kuti achitepo kanthu mokweza. Njirazi zimapereka mtendere wamumtima panthawi yakusatsimikizika kwa msika powonetsetsa kuti zotayika zimayikidwa pamlingo wokonzedweratu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chololera angasankhe njira monga straddles kapena strangles, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti apindule ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa msika komanso kuwawonetsa kuti awonongeke kwambiri ngati msika ukhala wokhazikika.
Pamapeto pake, njira yoyenera iyenera kugwirizana ndi mbiri yanu yowopsa. Ngati simukumasuka ndi lingaliro lakutaya zochuluka kuposa gawo lina la mbiri yanu, ndikofunikira kusankha njira zotchingira zomwe zimapereka chitetezo choyenera.
4.3. Mawonekedwe a Msika: Bullish, Bearish, kapena Neutral?
Kuwona kwanu komwe msika ukupita kumabweretsa gawo lalikulu pakusankha njira yabwino kwambiri. Kaya ndinu olimba mtima, osalowerera ndale, osalowerera ndale pamsika kapena chinthu chamunthu payekha, njira zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwira kuti zithandizire pamalingaliro awa ndikuchepetsa zoopsa.
Ngati inu muli Kutsitsa pa katundu kapena msika wonse, njira monga kuyimbira foni kapena kufalitsa ng'ombe zingakhale zoyenera. Mafoni ophimbidwa amakupatsani mwayi wopeza ndalama m'misika yocheperako, pomwe kufalikira kwa ng'ombe kumatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chambiri ngati msika ukutsutsana nanu. Kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali bearish, kuyika kwachitetezo kapena kufalikira kwa zimbalangondo kumapereka njira zopezera phindu kuchokera ku msika ukuchepa kapena kuteteza malo omwe alipo kuti asatayike. Kuyika kwachitetezo kumalola osunga ndalama kuti akhazikike pansi pazotayika zawo, pomwe kufalikira kwa zimbalangondo kumapereka mwayi waukali kuti apindule ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa msika.
Kwa kulowerera ndale Kawonedwe, komwe mukuyembekeza kusuntha kochepa pamsika, njira monga makola kapena zomangira zazifupi / zomangira zimatha kukhala zothandiza. Njirazi zimakulolani kuti mutenge advantage za kusowa kwa volatility, mwina mwa kupeza ndalama pogulitsa zosankha (monga panjira yaifupi) kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotsika pamene mukuvomereza zotchinga (monga momwe zilili ndi makolala).
4.4. Kusanthula kwa Phindu la Mtengo: Kuyeza Phindu Limene Lingakhalepo Potsutsana ndi Mtengo.
Njira iliyonse yopangira njira imakhala ndi mtengo wogwirizana nayo, kaya ndi ndalama zolipiridwa kuti mugule chinthu kapena mtengo wa mwayi wowonjezera. Kusanthula mtengo wa phindu ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yosankhidwayo imapereka chitetezo chomwe mukufuna kapena kubwerera pomwe ikukhala yotsika mtengo.
Mwachitsanzo, njira monga zodzitetezera zimapereka chitetezo champhamvu, koma mtengo wogula ukhoza kubweretsa phindu lonse, makamaka ngati msika womwe ukuyembekezeredwa sunachitike. Zikatero, wobwereketsayo ayenera kuyeza ngati mtengo wa premium uyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi mtendere wamumtima womwe umapereka.
Kumbali inayi, njira monga mafoni ophimbidwa zimabweretsa ndalama kudzera m'malipiro omwe amalandilidwa pogulitsira zosankha, koma amachepetsa zomwe zingatheke. Otsatsa ayenera kusankha ngati ndalama zomwe apeza zikuposa phindu lomwe angaphonye ngati katunduyo akwera kwambiri.
Njira zovuta kwambiri, monga makola, zimaphatikizapo zonse kugula ndi kugulitsa zosankha, zomwe zingachepetse mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso kuchepetsa phindu lomwe lingakhalepo. Choncho, kusankha njira ayenera zochokera kuunika mosamala wa trade-kusiyana pakati pa kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndi mtengo.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Kupanga Mbiri | Kusakanizika kwa masheya, ma bond, ndi ma ETF mu mbiri yanu kumakhudza kusankha kwa njira zomwe mungasankhire potengera kusakhazikika komanso chiwopsezo. |
| Kulekerera Pangozi | Kulekerera kwachiwopsezo kumakhudza kusankha njira. Osunga ndalama osamala amatha kusankha zodzitchinjiriza, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu amatha kusankha njira zankhanza ngati straddles. |
| Zotsatira Zamisika | Njirayi imadalira ngati mukuyembekeza kuti msika udzawuke (bullish), kugwa (bearish), kapena kukhala wokhazikika (osalowerera ndale). |
| Kusanthula Mtengo Wopindulitsa | Ganizirani mtengo wa ma premiums ndi phindu lomwe lingathe kutayika motsutsana ndi phindu la kubisala ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo. |
5. Zitsanzo Zothandiza za Kubisala
Kukhala ndi zosankha ndi njira yothandiza yothanirana ndi chiwopsezo pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi zochitika zamsika. Kuti timvetse bwino momwe zosankha zimagwirira ntchito ngati zida zotchingira, tiyeni tifufuze zitsanzo zingapo zenizeni padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza kusungitsa malo enaake, ma portfolio osiyanasiyana, kusakhazikika kwa msika, komanso kuwopsa kwa chiwongola dzanja.
5.1. Kutsekereza Malo Okhazikika a Stock
Tangoganizani wochita bizinesi yemwe ali ndi magawo a kampani inayake, mwachitsanzo, Apple (AAPL). Wogulitsayo amakhulupirira kuti kampaniyo ikukula kwanthawi yayitali koma akuda nkhawa ndi kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha malipoti omwe akubwera. Pofuna kuteteza kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, wogulitsa ndalama akhoza kugula a chitetezo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati katundu wa Apple akugulitsa pa $150, wogulitsa akhoza kugula njira yopangira ndalama zokwana $140. Kuyika uku kumapereka mwayi kwa wogulitsa ndalama kuti agulitse katunduyo pa $ 140, ngakhale mtengo wamsika utakhala pansi pa mlingo umenewo. Ngati mtengo wa Apple utsikira ku $ 130, chitetezo chimatsimikizira kuti wogulitsa akhoza kugulitsabe magawo pa $ 140, kuchepetsa kutayika. Mtengo wa chitetezo ichi ndi ndalama zomwe zimalipidwa pazosankha zoyika, koma zimapereka mtendere wamumtima pochepetsa chiopsezo chotsika.
Kutsekera kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene osunga ndalama ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu m'matangadza pawokha ndipo akufuna kuteteza kutayika kwanthawi yayitali popanda kugulitsa katunduyo.
5.2. Kutsekereza Portfolio Yosiyanasiyana
Kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi mbiri yosiyana siyana yomwe imaphatikizapo masheya osiyanasiyana, ma bond, ndi ma ETF, njira yokulirapo ndiyofunikira. Njira imodzi yotchuka ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zosankha za index ngati hedge. Mwachitsanzo, Investor yemwe ali ndi mbiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira za S&P 500 index (SPX) kuti ateteze kugwa kwa msika.
Ngati wogulitsa ali ndi mbiri yomwe imatsata kwambiri S&P 500, atha kugula zosankha pa S&P 500 index. Ngati msika ukukumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu, mtengo wa zosankha zoyika zidzakwera, kuthetsa kutayika mu mbiri. Njirayi imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri pamene wogulitsa akukhulupirira kuti msika wonse ukhoza kugwa, osati katundu payekha.
Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya mavuto azachuma kapena chipwirikiti cha ndale, wogulitsa ndalama angayembekezere kuti msika wonse utsika. Pogula zosankha za S&P 500, amapeza chitetezo chambiri yawo yonse m'malo mobisala maudindo awo. Njirayi imalola njira yotakata, yotsika mtengo kwambiri yothanirana ndi chiopsezo chodutsa m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
5.3. Kulimbana ndi Kusakhazikika Kwamsika
Kusasinthika kwa msika kungapereke mwayi ndi zoopsa, makamaka kwa osunga ndalama omwe amakumana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo. Wogulitsa ndalama amatha kutchingira kusakhazikika uku pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imadziwika kuti a zokonda or nyonga. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo kugula foni ndi kuyika njira yomwe ili ndi tsiku lomwelo lotha ntchito koma ndi zofanana (straddle) kapena mitengo yosiyana (yokhota).
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti wogulitsa akuyembekeza kuwonjezereka kwa masheya a Tesla (TSLA) patsogolo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwazinthu koma sadziwa ngati katunduyo adzakwera kapena kugwa. Wogulitsa akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito straddle pogula njira yoyimbira foni ndi kuikapo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa, kunena, $800. Ngati katunduyo asuntha kwambiri mbali zonse, zopindula kuchokera ku chimodzi mwazosankha zidzathetsa zotayika kuchokera ku zina, ndipo wochita malonda amapindula chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kosasunthika.
Pazochitika zomwe wogulitsa akukhulupirira kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali udzayenda kwambiri koma osatsimikiza za njira, njirayi imawathandiza kuti apindule ndi kayendetsedwe ka mtengo wapatali pamene akutchinga ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
5.4. Kulimbana ndi Chiwopsezo cha Chiwongola dzanja
Kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja kumatha kukhudza kwambiri ma portfolio, makamaka omwe ali ndi zitetezo zokhazikika monga ma bond. Pamene chiwongoladzanja chikukwera, mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatsika, zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi ma bond kapena ETFs zokhudzana ndi bond. Pofuna kuthana ndi chiwopsezo cha chiwongoladzanja ichi, wobwereketsa angagwiritse ntchito zosankha pa chiwongoladzanja chamtsogolo or bond ETFs.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi mbiri ya ma bond ndipo akuyembekeza kuti chiwongoladzanja chidzakwera, akhoza kugula zosankha pa ma ETF, monga iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT). Ngati chiwongola dzanja chikukweradi, mtengo wa bond ETF ukhoza kutsika, koma zosankha zoyika zidzakwera mtengo, kubwezera kutayika kwa mbiriyo.
Kapenanso, wobwereketsayo akhoza kubisala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zingakhudze chiwongola dzanja. Pogula kumayika zamtsogolo za Treasury kapena zinthu zina zotengera chiwongola dzanja, wochita nawo ndalama amatha kuteteza chiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa mitengo. Njirayi ndi yothandiza makamaka kwa osunga ndalama m'mabungwe akuluakulu kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chopeza ndalama zokhazikika.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Kutsekereza Malo Okhazikika a Stock | Kuyika zodzitchinjiriza kumatha kuwononga kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa m'matangadza popanda kugulitsa malowo. |
| Kutsekereza Portfolio Yosiyanasiyana | Kugwiritsa ntchito njira za index (mwachitsanzo, S&P 500 kuika zosankha) zitha kutchingira mbiri yonse motsutsana ndi kutsika kwa msika. |
| Kulimbana ndi Kusakhazikika Kwamsika | Ma Straddles ndi strangles hedge motsutsana ndi kusakhazikika, kulola osunga ndalama kuti apindule ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwamitengo mbali zonse. |
| Kulimbana ndi Chiwopsezo cha Chiwongola dzanja | Ikani zosankha pa ma ETFs obweza kapena chiwongola dzanja chamtsogolo chitetezeni ku chiwopsezo chokwera chiwongola dzanja, chomwe chimasokoneza ma portfolios. |
6. Zowopsa ndi Kuganizira
Ngakhale njira zopangira ma hedging zimapatsa osunga ndalama zida zamtengo wapatali zothanirana ndi zoopsa za mbiri, amakhalanso ndi zovuta zawo komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Kumvetsetsa zoopsazi ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga zisankho mwanzeru ndikuphatikiza bwino zomwe mungachite muzachuma. M'chigawo chino, tiwona zoopsa zazikulu zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira hedging.
6.1. Zofunika Zosankha: Mtengo Wotsekera
Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito njira zopangira hedging ndi mtengo wokhudzana ndi zosankha zogula, zomwe zimadziwika kuti the umafunika. Otsatsa akagula zosankha, amayenera kulipira ndalama zam'tsogolo, zomwe zimayimira kutayika kwakukulu komwe kungatheke ngati njirayo itatha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogulitsa ndalama agula njira yodzitetezera kuti ateteze kutsika kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, malipiro omwe amalipidwa pa chisankhocho ndi mtengo wozama. Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali umakhalabe wolimba kapena ukukwera, njirayo imatha kukhala yopanda phindu, ndipo wogulitsa ndalama amataya ndalama zomwe amalipira.
Mtengo wowonjezereka wogulira mobwerezabwereza zosankha zopangira mpanda ukhoza kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi, makamaka ngati msika sukuyenda monga momwe amayembekezera. Chifukwa chake, osunga ndalama ayenera kuyeza mtengo wamalipirowo motsutsana ndi chitetezo chomwe amapereka. Nthawi zina, mtengo wa hedging ukhoza kuchepetsa kubweza konsekonse, makamaka munthawi yakusakhazikika pomwe msika ulibe chifukwa chogula zinthu pafupipafupi.
6.2. Kuwola kwa Nthawi: Kutayika kwa Mtengo Wosankha Pakapita Nthawi
Chinthu chinanso chofunikira choganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira hedging ndi kuwola nthawi, wotchedwanso theta. Pamene tsiku lotha ntchitoyo likuyandikira, mtengo wa chinthucho umatsika, makamaka ngati mtengo wa chinthucho ukhala kutali ndi mtengo wonyanyala. Kuwola kwa nthawiyi ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mwayi woti njirayo ikhale yopindulitsa isanathe.
Kwa hedgers, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi kungakhale vuto lalikulu. Ngati wogulitsa ndalama agula zosankha kuti ateteze kutsika kwa mtengo wa katundu, ndipo katunduyo amakhalabe wokhazikika, mtengo wa chisankhocho udzawonongeka pakapita nthawi, ngakhale chiwopsezo cha kutsika kwa mtengo chikupitirirabe. Izi zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa makamaka kwa osunga ndalama omwe akuda nkhawa ndi kuwopsa kwa msika kwanthawi yayitali koma amawona kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa. Zikatero, njirayo ikhoza kutaya mtengo wake wambiri isanapereke chitetezo chokwanira, ndikupangitsa kukhala mpanda wokwera mtengo.
6.3. Chiwopsezo cha Ntchito: Chiwopsezo cha Kupatsidwa Chiwopsezo Choyambira
Otsatsa omwe amagulitsa zosankha ngati gawo la njira zawo zotchingira, monga kuyimba foni kapena njira ya kolala, amakumana ndi chiopsezo ntchito. Kugawa kumachitika pamene wogulayo agwiritsa ntchito ufulu wake wogula kapena kugulitsa katunduyo, kukakamiza wogulitsa kuti akwaniritse zomwe agwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira yoimbira foni yophimbidwa, ngati mtengo wa masheya ukwera pamwamba pa mtengo wogulira, wogula atha kuyimba foniyo, kufuna kuti wogulitsa apereke masheyawo pamtengo womwe wagwirizana.
Kuopsa kwa ntchito kungakhale kovuta ngati wogulitsa sakufuna kugulitsa katunduyo, makamaka ngati katunduyo wakwera mtengo kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti wogulitsa ndalama atayike zopindulitsa zina zomwe zikanatheka ngati akanagwiritsa ntchito katunduyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchitoyo imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse isanathe, zomwe zimawonjezera kusatsimikizika pa nthawi yamalondayo.
6.4. Chiwopsezo cha Liquidity: Chiwopsezo chazovuta pakugula kapena kugulitsa zosankha
Chiwopsezo chamadzimadzi kutanthauza chiwopsezo chomwe wobwereketsa angakumane ndi vuto pogula kapena kugulitsa zosankha pamitengo yabwino chifukwa cha kutsika kwa malonda kapena kufalikira kwa mabizinesi. Misika yosasinthika ya Illiquid imatha kubweretsa mtengo wokwera komanso kutsika, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu ya njira yotchinga. Ngati njirayo ndi yochepa traded, wobwereketsa angafunike kuvomereza mtengo wocheperako kuti alowe kapena kuchoka pamalopo, kuwononga phindu lomwe angakhale nalo kapena kuonjezera mtengo.
Chiwopsezo cha Liquidity chimawonekera makamaka muzosankha zosatchuka kapena zapadera, monga zomwe zili m'masheya ang'onoang'ono kapena ma ETF a niche. Otsatsa omwe amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotere zitha kukhala zovuta kuti akwaniritse trades pamtengo wofunidwa, makamaka panthawi yakusakhazikika pamene misika ikuyenda mwachangu. Pachifukwa ichi, osunga ndalama ambiri amakonda kubisala zinthu zamadzimadzi kwambiri, monga zosankha za index kapena zosankha pamasheya akulu, pomwe pamakhala kuchuluka kokwanira kwa malonda kuti atsimikizire kuti mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso yabwino. trade kuphedwa.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Zosankha Zolipira | Mtengo wa zosankha, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ma premium, zimatha kuchepetsa kubweza kwapang'onopang'ono, makamaka pamene zosankhazo zimatha kukhala zopanda phindu. |
| Kuwonongeka kwa Nthawi | Kuwola kwa nthawi kumachepetsa mtengo wa zosankha pamene ntchito ikuyandikira, makamaka pamene mtengo wamtengo wapatali sukuyenda kwambiri. |
| Kuopsa kwa Ntchito | Ogulitsa zosankha amakhala pachiwopsezo chopatsidwa zinthu zomwe zingawakakamize kugulitsa kapena kugula pamitengo yocheperako. |
| Ngozi Zamadzimadzi | Kutsika kwamadzi muzinthu zina kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kugula kapena kugulitsa malo pamitengo yabwino, kuonjezera mtengo wamalonda. |
7. Zokuthandizani Bwino Njira Hedging
Kuyika mpanda koyenera sikungofunika kumvetsetsa bwino za njira zomwe mungasankhire komanso kukonzekera bwino, kuwongolera, ndi kuwunika kosalekeza. Nawa maupangiri othandiza omwe angathandize osunga ndalama kuti achite bwino ndi njira zotchingira, makamaka poyang'anira ziwopsezo mkati mwa mbiri.
7.1. Yambani Pang'ono: Yambani ndi Ndalama Zing'onozing'ono
Kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali atsopano ku malonda kapena kubisala, ndikwanzeru kuyamba pang'ono. Zosankha zitha kukhala zovuta komanso zimakhala ndi zoopsa zazikulu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zambiri musanapange gawo lalikulu la likulu lanu. Kuyambira ndi mapangano ochepa amakulolani kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana ndikumvetsetsa momwe zosankha zimayankhira kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana amsika popanda kuwononga kwambiri.
Poyamba kugawira gawo laling'ono la mbiri yanu pazosankha, mutha kupanga pang'onopang'ono luso lanu ndi chidaliro. Pamene mukukhala omasuka ndi makina ochita malonda ndi machitidwe a njira zosiyanasiyana, mukhoza kukulitsa ndalama zanu.
7.2. Phunzitsani Nokha: Phunzirani Zosankha Zochita ndi Kuwongolera Zowopsa
Malonda osankha nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati otsogola kwambiri kuposa momwe amagulitsira masheya achikhalidwe chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yosankha, monga kusakhazikika, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi, ndi mitengo yamitengo. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro ndizofunikira. Asanalowe m'njira zopangira ma hedging, osunga ndalama ayenera kutenga nthawi kuti amvetsetse mfundo zazikuluzikulu monga zosankha zamitengo, Agiriki (omwe amayesa kukhudzika kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana), komanso kuwopsa komwe kumakhudzana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zilipo, kuphatikiza mabuku, maphunziro apaintaneti, ndi zofananira zamisika, zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwanu. Kuonjezera apo, kuchita malonda ndi mapepala (malonda oyerekeza) kungakupatseni chidziwitso popanda chiopsezo cha kutaya kwenikweni. Mukayika ndalama mu maphunziro anu, mudzakhala okonzeka kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zotchingira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kulekerera kwanu pachiwopsezo komanso zolinga zanu zogulitsa.
7.3. Gwiritsani Ntchito Stop-Loss Order: Tetezani Phindu Lanu ndi Kuchepetsa Kutayika
A kupuma-kutaya kuyitanitsa ndi dongosolo lodziwikiratu kuti mugulitse katundu akafika pamtengo wina wake, ndikuchepetsa kutayika komwe kungachitike. Ngakhale kuti kuyimitsa-kutaya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugulitsa masheya, atha kukhalanso chida chofunikira pakugulitsa ndi kubisala. Pankhani ya zosankha, kuyimitsa-kutaya kungathandize kupewa kutayika kwakukulu ngati msika ukutsutsana nanu.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwagula malo otetezera ngati hedge ndipo katunduyo akuyenda molakwika, kuyimitsa kutha kutseka malowo kusanachitike kukukulirakulira. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wotuluka trade ndi kutayika kolamulidwa kwambiri, kuteteza kutsika kwina. Mofananamo, malamulo osiya-kutaya angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza phindu mwa kugulitsa zosankha pamene msika ufika pamtengo wopindulitsa, kutseka zopindula ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusinthika.
7.4. Yang'anirani Udindo Wanu: Nthawi Zonse Unikani Miyezo Zanu Nthawi Zonse
Kumanga ndi zosankha kumafuna kasamalidwe kogwira ntchito. Mikhalidwe ya msika ingasinthe mofulumira, kukhudza mtengo wa zosankha zanu ndi mphamvu ya njira yanu yotchinga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muwunikenso maudindo anu nthawi zonse ndikuwongolera ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuyang'anira malo omwe mungasankhe kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zazikulu monga kusakhazikika, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi, ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zomwe zili pansi. Ngati msika ukusintha mwanjira yosayembekezereka, mungafunike kusintha njira yanu yotchingira kuti muwonetse bwino momwe zinthu ziliri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati masheya omwe muli nawo asuntha kwambiri, mungafune kusinthira zomwe mwasankha pamtengo watsopano kapena tsiku lotha ntchito kuti musamalire bwino.
Kuonjezera apo, monga zosankha zatsala pang'ono kutha, mtengo wawo ukhoza kuchepa mofulumira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthawi. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati kuli koyenera kulola zosankhazo kutha, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kutseka msanga. Kuyang'anitsitsa mwachidwi kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti zosankha zanu zikugwira ntchito bwino kuti muteteze mbiri yanu.
| chigawo | Mfundo Zowunika |
|---|---|
| Yambani Small | Yambani ndi ma kontrakitala angapo kuti mudziwe zambiri ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo musanawonjezere ndalama zanu. |
| Dziphunzitseni | Sungani ndalama pophunzira zamalonda omwe mungasankhe, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi mfundo zazikulu monga mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi Agiriki. |
| Gwiritsani Ntchito Stop-Loss Order | Tsatirani malamulo oletsa kuyimitsa kuti muteteze phindu komanso kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kungawonongeke, makamaka m'misika yosasinthika. |
| Yang'anirani Malo Anu | Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha zomwe mwasankha kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamsika komanso zolinga zanu zotchingira. |
Kutsiliza
Option hedging imapatsa osunga ndalama zida zamphamvu zoteteza ma portfolio awo ku ziwopsezo zotsika pomwe akutenga nawo gawo pazopindula. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana - monga kuyimba foni, kuyika chitetezo, makola, ndi ma straddles - ogulitsa amatha kuthana ndi kusatsimikizika komanso kusakhazikika kwamisika yazachuma. Njirazi zimalola osunga ndalama kuti asamavutike ndi kuchepa kwa masheya, kutsika kwa msika, kusinthasintha kwa chiwongola dzanja, komanso nthawi yakusakhazikika, kupereka mtendere wamalingaliro ndikuchepetsa mwayi wotayika kwambiri.
Komabe, kubisala njira zopambana kumafuna kukonzekera bwino, maphunziro, ndi kulanga. Kumvetsetsa njira zamakontrakitala omwe angasankhidwe - monga ma premium, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, masiku otha ntchito, komanso zofunikira zamkati ndi zakunja za zosankha - ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zotchingira bwino. Kuonjezera apo, zinthu monga mbiri ya mbiri, maonekedwe a msika, ndi kulolerana kwa chiopsezo ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisankhe njira yoyenera pazochitika zachuma za aliyense.
Ndikofunikiranso kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zimachitika pochita malonda, monga mtengo wamalipiro, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi, kuopsa kwa ntchito, ndi zovuta zandalama. Zowopsa izi zikugogomezera kufunikira kolinganiza mtengo wa hedging ndi zopindulitsa zake, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zopangira zosankha zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zimagwirizana ndi zolinga zachuma zanthawi yayitali.
Kwa osunga ndalama atsopano, kuyambira ang'onoang'ono, kudziphunzitsa mosalekeza, ndikuyang'anira malo nthawi zonse ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zowonetsetsa kuti kutsekereza kukuyenda bwino. Pamene osunga ndalama akupeza zambiri, amatha kukulitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zosankha ndikuwongolera njira zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa msika komanso mbiri yachiwopsezo.
Pomaliza, ngakhale kubisala zosankha kungakhale kovuta, kumapereka njira yosinthika komanso yosinthika pakuwongolera zoopsa za mbiri. Pophatikiza njirazi muzolemba zawo zopangira ndalama, osunga ndalama amatha kuyenda m'misika yosatsimikizika ndi chidaliro chokulirapo, podziwa kuti ali ndi chitetezo chothandizira kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kungachitike ndikulola mwayi wokulirapo.
